Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Eberlein–Šmulian metrization on the relevant dual ball

Statement

Assume ACω and HB. Let Y be a separable real or complex normed space and let KY be weakly compact. Then the weak topology on K is metrizable. More precisely, there is a sequence (fn) in the closed unit ball of Y that separates the points of Y, and

dK(x,y)=n=02(n+1)min{1,fn(xy)}

is a metric on K inducing its relative weak topology. If Y={0}, the unique metric on each of its two subsets gives the same conclusion.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: ACω, HB, a separable real or complex normed space Y, and a weakly compact subset K.

[F1]

Separability means existence of an at most countable dense subset, and each nonempty at most countable set is the image of a surjection from N (Separability: the existence of an at most countable dense subset, A nonempty set is at most countable iff it is a surjective image of N).

[F2]

Under HB, every nonzero vector has a norm-one functional taking that vector to its norm, in both scalar fields (Relative dual norming, point separation, and recovery of the norm).

[F3]

ACω supplies a choice function for every sequence of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω)).

[F4]

The weak topology is initial for the members of Y (Weak topology on a normed space).

[F6]

The standard weighted sum of bounded complete coordinate metrics is a complete metric inducing the countable product topology (The standard weighted metric on a countable product of bounded complete metric spaces is complete).

[F9]

HB is the named real dominated-extension principle (The real dominated-extension principle as an additional hypothesis over ZF).

Proof

Proof technique: a countable norming family and a compact-to-Hausdorff identification.

1.1

If Y={0}, then K is either empty or the singleton {0}. In either case the zero function dK:K×KR is the unique metric and induces the only topology on K, which is its relative weak topology. Hence suppose below that Y{0}.

givenF4
1.2

On K put δ(s,t)=min{1,st}. This is a metric bounded by 1 and induces the usual scalar topology, because its balls of radius below 1 are the usual metric balls. It is complete: a δ-Cauchy sequence is eventually Cauchy for at every tolerance below 1, so [F5] gives a usual limit, and δ(s,t)st gives convergence in δ.

F5algebra
2.1

By separability, take an at most countable norm-dense DY. It is nonempty because its closure is the nonempty space Y. The set E={z/z:zD{0}} is at most countable and nonempty. It is dense in the unit sphere: if u=1 and ε>0, density gives zD with zu<min{1/2,ε/2}, so z0 and z/zu1z+zu2zu<ε. By [F1], enumerate E as (un)nN, allowing repetitions.

F1step 1.1algebra
2.2

Apply [F6] to countably many copies of (K,δ). The formula D(a,b)=n=02(n+1)δ(an,bn) is a metric on KN inducing its product topology. Its restriction to every subset is a metric inducing the subspace topology, and that metric topology is Hausdorff by [F7].

F6F7step 1.2
3.1

For each n, let Sn={fY:f=1, f(un)=1}. Each Sn is nonempty by [F2], including in the complex case where the attained value is the positive real number 1. Apply ACω once to the sequence (Sn) and obtain fnSn for every n.

F2F3step 2.1choose
4.1

The family (fn) separates points of Y. If xy, put v=(xy)/xy and choose un with unv<1/2. Then fn(v)fn(un)fn(vun)>11/2>0, since fn=1. Therefore fn(xy)=xyfn(v)0.

step 2.1step 3.1algebra
5.1

Define Φ:KKN by Φ(x)=(fn(x))n. Every coordinate fn is weakly continuous, so the initial property of the product topology makes Φ continuous. Step 4.1 makes it injective. Its corestriction Φ0:KΦ[K] is therefore a continuous bijection.

F4F10step 3.1step 4.1
6.1

The weak space K is compact by hypothesis, and Φ[K] is Hausdorff by step 2.2. Hence [F8] makes Φ0 a homeomorphism. Pulling the restricted product metric back along Φ0 gives exactly dK(x,y)=D(Φ(x),Φ(y)), the displayed metric, and its topology is precisely the relative weak topology on K. Together with step 1.1 this proves the claim for every Y and for empty as well as nonempty K.

F8step 1.1step 2.2step 5.1
7.1

The only countable selection is step 3.1, where ACω selects the norming family. HB is used only inside the individual norming-functional supplier [F2]. Enumeration in step 2.1 is obtained from one at-most-countable set by its supplied surjection and uses no choice. The argument metrizes only the supplied weakly compact K in a separable Y; it makes no metrizability claim for all of Y or for nonseparable spaces.

F1F2F3F9step 2.1step 3.1step 6.1

Source notes

Haase, Theorem E.2, printed pp. 346–347, proves the corresponding compact countable-evaluation metrization pattern for a separable compact subset of a pointwise function space. Here the HB norming family supplies the separating evaluations, and compact-to-Hausdorff identifies the resulting product topology with the weak topology on K. No part of the unavailable Whitley paper is used.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

80 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources