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Finite holonomy acts on a small transverse disk
Statement
Assume Countable Choice (The countable-choice principle used in the foliation pair). Let be a regular foliation, a leaf, , and a local transversal to at chosen to be an embedded open disk (Local transversals to a regular foliation). Suppose is finite (The holonomy representation and the holonomy group of a leaf). Then there is an -invariant open neighbourhood of such that:
- every has a representative diffeomorphism defined on with , and these representatives make act on by diffeomorphisms restricting the given germs;
- each extends to a diffeomorphism defined on a neighbourhood of the closure of ;
- if in addition the finitely many germs preserve a smooth Riemannian metric germ on , the disk may be taken to be an open metric ball.
Any open -invariant suffices for the finite-holonomy normal model.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A regular foliation , a leaf with , an embedded open disk transversal at , and a finite holonomy group .
The holonomy group is the image of the holonomy representation , a subgroup of the group of germs of local diffeomorphisms of at (The holonomy representation and the holonomy group of a leaf, Local transversals to a regular foliation).
Elements of are germs of local diffeomorphisms fixing ; two representatives of the same germ agree on a neighbourhood of ; and is a group under composition with the germ of the identity as unit (Germs of local diffeomorphisms at a point, Germs of local diffeomorphisms at a point form a group).
An embedded open disk transversal is a smooth manifold containing ; a diffeomorphism defined on an open subset of restricts smoothly to open subsets (Embedded submanifolds and slice charts, Smooth manifolds and their smooth charts).
The derivative of a composite is the composite of the derivatives, and an invertible derivative gives a local inverse, smooth when the map is smooth (The chain rule for total derivatives: , The Euclidean inverse function theorem).
Under , a Riemannian exponential map gives normal neighborhoods. In a normal ball distance from its center equals the tangent-vector norm, and a curve leaving a smaller normal ball must first attain that radius (Existence of normal neighborhoods, Local formula for distance from the centre of a normal neighbourhood).
Proof
(Domains before invariance.) In transverse coordinates with , choose one representative of each of the finitely many germs, with . There are neighborhoods of zero such that every is defined on , every lies in , and on for every . Indeed each relation is a germ equality, and only finitely many domains, images and relations have to be accommodated. No invariance of is assumed.
(Invariant neighborhood.) Put . This open neighborhood of zero lies in because . For and each , write with . Then for every , so . The inverse relation on gives equality. Hence these restrictions realize a genuine action. Work in the connected component containing zero, which every preserves.
(A disk and extensions.) Let ; F4 gives . On set . Then and reindexing the sum gives . F4 gives a smooth inverse for near zero. Shrink that inverse domain by intersecting its finitely many group translates, so it remains an invariant neighborhood on which is injective. Average a Euclidean inner product over the linear maps . A sufficiently small ball for that inner product, with its closure inside the image of the inverse domain, is invariant under every . Its inverse image under is therefore an invariant open disk with compact closure inside . Every is defined on , a neighborhood of that closure. In transverse dimension zero the same assertions hold with .
(Prescribed metric case.) If a smooth Riemannian metric germ is supplied, choose the representatives and domains of step 1.1 inside its common isometry domain. On the connected the resulting action is by isometries fixing , so it preserves intrinsic distance from . By F5 a sufficiently small such metric ball is a normal exponential ball and hence an open disk: take its radius below the first-exit bound for a relatively compact normal neighborhood. Its compact closure lies in , so the extensions from step 1.1 still apply. This uses the supplied metric, without replacing it by an unrelated averaged one.
Thus finite holonomy is represented by a smooth action on an invariant transverse disk, with each representative defined past its closure. In the prescribed Riemannian metric case this disk may be chosen to be a metric ball.
Depends on
- The holonomy representation and the holonomy group of a leaf
- Local transversals to a regular foliation
- Germs of local diffeomorphisms at a point
- Germs of local diffeomorphisms at a point form a group
- Embedded submanifolds and slice charts
- Smooth manifolds and their smooth charts
- The countable-choice principle used in the foliation pair
- The Euclidean inverse function theorem
- The chain rule for total derivatives: $D(g\circ f)(a)=Dg(f(a))\circ Df(a)$
- Existence of normal neighborhoods
- Local formula for distance from the centre of a normal neighbourhood
Used by
- The finite-holonomy normal model of a compact leaf Definition
- The finite-holonomy normal model of the Möbius band Example
- The normal model map is a foliated local diffeomorphism Lemma
- Transverse holonomy transport is well defined and equivariant on the model Lemma
- Local Reeb stability for compact leaves with finite holonomy Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Ieke Moerdijk and Janez Mrčun, Introduction to Foliations and Lie Groupoids (Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics 91, 2003) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Leiden NCG seminar, Noncommutative Geometry of Foliations (2023 seminar notes; complete PDF) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Bruno Scárdua, On the existence of stable compact leaves for transversely holomorphic foliations (standard reference, not scraped)