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Finite holonomy acts on a small transverse disk

Statement

Assume Countable Choice ACω (The countable-choice principle used in the foliation pair). Let F be a regular foliation, L a leaf, x∈L, and T a local transversal to F at x chosen to be an embedded open disk (Local transversals to a regular foliation). Suppose H=Hol⁡(L,x)≤Diff⁡x(T) is finite (The holonomy representation and the holonomy group of a leaf). Then there is an H-invariant open neighbourhood D⊆T of x such that:

  1. every h∈H has a representative diffeomorphism defined on D with h(D)=D, and these representatives make H act on D by diffeomorphisms restricting the given germs;
  2. each h∈H extends to a diffeomorphism defined on a neighbourhood of the closure of D;
  3. if in addition the finitely many germs preserve a smooth Riemannian metric germ on T, the disk D may be taken to be an open metric ball.

Any open H-invariant D suffices for the finite-holonomy normal model.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A regular foliation F, a leaf L with x∈L, an embedded open disk transversal T at x, and a finite holonomy group H=Hol⁡(L,x).

[F1]

The holonomy group H is the image of the holonomy representation ρx:π1(L,x)→Diff⁡x(T), a subgroup of the group of germs of local diffeomorphisms of T at x (The holonomy representation and the holonomy group of a leaf, Local transversals to a regular foliation).

[F2]

Elements of Diff⁡x(T) are germs of local diffeomorphisms fixing x; two representatives of the same germ agree on a neighbourhood of x; and Diff⁡x(T) is a group under composition with the germ of the identity as unit (Germs of local diffeomorphisms at a point, Germs of local diffeomorphisms at a point form a group).

[F3]

An embedded open disk transversal T is a smooth manifold containing x; a diffeomorphism defined on an open subset of T restricts smoothly to open subsets (Embedded submanifolds and slice charts, Smooth manifolds and their smooth charts).

[F4]

The derivative of a composite is the composite of the derivatives, and an invertible derivative gives a C1 local inverse, smooth when the map is smooth (The chain rule for total derivatives: D(g∘f)(a)=Dg(f(a))∘Df(a), The Euclidean inverse function theorem).

[F5]

Under ACω, a Riemannian exponential map gives normal neighborhoods. In a normal ball distance from its center equals the tangent-vector norm, and a curve leaving a smaller normal ball must first attain that radius (Existence of normal neighborhoods, Local formula for distance from the centre of a normal neighbourhood).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F2choose

(Domains before invariance.) In transverse coordinates with x=0, choose one representative fh of each of the finitely many germs, with f1=id. There are neighborhoods U1⋐U0 of zero such that every fh is defined on U0, every fh(U1) lies in U0, and fg∘fh=fgh on U1 for every g,h∈H. Indeed each relation is a germ equality, and only finitely many domains, images and relations have to be accommodated. No invariance of U1 is assumed.

2.1F2F3step 1.1

(Invariant neighborhood.) Put D0=⋂h∈Hfh(U1). This open neighborhood of zero lies in U1 because f1=id. For z∈D0 and each h, write z=fh(yh) with yh∈U1. Then fg(z)=fgh(yh)∈fgh(U1) for every h, so fg(D0)⊆D0. The inverse relation on D0 gives equality. Hence these restrictions realize a genuine action. Work in the connected component containing zero, which every fh preserves.

3.1F3F4step 1.1step 2.1construct

(A disk and extensions.) Let Ah=Dfh(0); F4 gives Agh=AgAh. On D0 set k(z)=∣H∣−1∑hAh−1fh(z). Then Dk(0)=I and reindexing the sum gives k(fg(z))=Agk(z). F4 gives a smooth inverse for k near zero. Shrink that inverse domain by intersecting its finitely many group translates, so it remains an invariant neighborhood on which k is injective. Average a Euclidean inner product over the linear maps Ah. A sufficiently small ball for that inner product, with its closure inside the image of the inverse domain, is invariant under every Ah. Its inverse image D under k is therefore an invariant open disk with compact closure inside D0⊆U1. Every fh is defined on U0, a neighborhood of that closure. In transverse dimension zero the same assertions hold with D={x}.

3.2F5step 1.1step 2.1

(Prescribed metric case.) If a smooth Riemannian metric germ is supplied, choose the representatives and domains of step 1.1 inside its common isometry domain. On the connected D0 the resulting action is by isometries fixing x, so it preserves intrinsic distance from x. By F5 a sufficiently small such metric ball is a normal exponential ball and hence an open disk: take its radius below the first-exit bound for a relatively compact normal neighborhood. Its compact closure lies in D0, so the extensions from step 1.1 still apply. This uses the supplied metric, without replacing it by an unrelated averaged one.

4.1step 3.1step 3.2∎

Thus finite holonomy is represented by a smooth action on an invariant transverse disk, with each representative defined past its closure. In the prescribed Riemannian metric case this disk may be chosen to be a metric ball.

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