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Mecke identity for a finite-intensity Poisson point process

Statement

Let η be a Poisson point process on S with finite intensity measure ν (so ν(S)<∞ under Finite, sigma-finite, and semifinite measures), and let h:S×Nlf(S)→[0,∞] be measurable. Addition (x,μ)↦μ+δx is interpreted as addition of counting measures. Then E[∫Sh(x,η) η(dx)]=∫SE[h(x,η+δx)] ν(dx). Both sides are well-defined extended nonnegative integrals.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A Poisson point process η on S with finite intensity measure ν and a nonnegative measurable function h.

[F1]

The law of a finite-intensity Poisson point process is the mixed-binomial law: for λ=ν(S)>0, first take N∼Pois⁡(λ), then conditionally take N independent locations with law ν/λ; the zero-intensity process is zero. (Finite-intensity Poisson-process existence and mixed-binomial law)

[F2]

Finite products of probability measures have their rectangle product formula and are unique; coordinate permutations preserve the corresponding identically distributed product measure. (For sigma-finite factors, the product measure exists, has the rectangle formula, is sigma-finite, and is unique)

[F3]

Nonnegative sums and iterated integrals can be interchanged by Tonelli, and the scalar Poisson masses are e−λλn/n!. (Tonelli's theorem for nonnegative measurable functions on a sigma-finite product, The scalar Poisson count law, Normalization, moments, and generating function of the Poisson count law)

[F4]

Evaluation maps generate the configuration sigma-algebra, and integration of a nonnegative measurable function against the evaluation kernel of a random measure is measurable. (Random measures and locally finite point processes, Measure kernel and probability kernel, Measurability of integration against a kernel)

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenF4construct

The addition map is measurable because for every Borel B its output evaluation is (μ+δx)(B)=μ(B)+1B(x), a measurable function of (x,μ); therefore (x,μ)↦h(x,μ+δx) is measurable. The left integral is measurable by the evaluation-kernel integration assertion [F4].

1.2givenF1F3

If λ=0, then ν=0 and [F1] makes η the zero measure almost surely, so both sides vanish. Suppose λ>0 and write Q=ν/λ, pn=e−λλn/n!. By [F1], the left side equals ∑n≥0pn∫Sn∑i=1nh(xi,∑j=1nδxj) Q⊗n(d(x1,…,xn)).

2.1step 1.2F2F3algebra

For each n≥1, every summand indexed by i has the same integral: coordinate permutation sends the ith coordinate to the first, preserves Q⊗n by [F2], and leaves the sum of Dirac masses unchanged. Tonelli [F3] and npn=λpn−1 therefore turn step 1.2 into λ∑m≥0pm∫Sm+1h(x1,δx1+∑j=2m+1δxj) Q⊗(m+1)(d(x1,…,xm+1)).

3.1step 2.1F1F2F3∎

Integrating first in x1 in step 2.1 and using ν=λQ, the result is ∫S∑m≥0pm∫Smh(x,δx+∑j=1mδxj) Q⊗m(d(x1,…,xm)) ν(dx). By the mixed-binomial representation [F1], the sum and inner integral are E[h(x,η+δx)] for each fixed x, so this is the right side of the claimed identity.

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