How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The fundamental path-fibration class has the normalized relative lift
Statement
Assume AC. For , in the marked path fibration , with the fiber identified in marked homology and cohomology with by the weak equivalence of the path-loop input lemma,
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC; an integer ; the marked path fibration with contractible total space, the strict fiber identified in marked homology and cohomology with by the weak equivalence of Local path-fibration and cohomology inputs for mod-two Eilenberg–Mac Lane induction; and the marked fundamental classes .
The mapping-path factorization gives the actual path fibration with contractible total space and strict loop fiber, and the previous lemma supplies the marked weak equivalence and its mod-two cohomology comparison; the integral homology comparison follows separately from Weak homotopy equivalences induce integral homology isomorphisms without choice (Mapping path factorization, Local path-fibration and cohomology inputs for mod-two Eilenberg–Mac Lane induction); the fibration long exact sequence marks the relevant homotopy groups (Long exact sequence of homotopy groups of a fibration).
The absolute Hurewicz homomorphism and theorem identify the first nonzero homotopy and homology groups, with the degree-one case given by abelianization (Absolute and relative Hurewicz homomorphisms, Absolute Hurewicz theorem at the first nonzero degree); the homology pair sequence is exact and its boundary computes relative classes of mapped chains (Long exact sequence of a pair).
Relative homology of a good pair is the reduced homology of the quotient, and cellular homology computes singular homology with the characteristic-disk generator comparison (Good pairs and quotient reduced homology, Cellular homology computes singular homology).
The cohomology pair sequence, the universal coefficient theorem for cohomology, Eilenberg–Mac Lane representability and the Kronecker evaluation pairing with its representative-independence lemma compute the two evaluations (Long exact sequence of a pair in singular cohomology, Topological universal coefficient short exact sequence for cohomology, Eilenberg--Mac Lane spaces represent singular cohomology, Kronecker evaluation pairing, The kronecker pairing is independent of cocycle and cycle representatives).
AC selects the representing sphere map, the triangulation chain, and the CW models (The Axiom of Choice).
Proof
Put and . Choose a based map representing the marked nonzero element of . Its absolute Hurewicz image is the nonzero element of : for , use the marked weak equivalence of the path-loop input lemma. Absolute Hurewicz is an isomorphism on the CW source ; the weak-equivalence definition gives an isomorphism on homotopy, and the integral weak-equivalence homology theorem in [F1] gives the isomorphism on integral homology, and Hurewicz naturality therefore makes an isomorphism too. For , absolute Hurewicz says abelianization for every path-connected space, and is already abelian.
Since is contractible, , considered as a map into , has a nullhomotopy. Cone that nullhomotopy to obtain a continuous map restricting to on the boundary; identify the disk with the cone on the sphere and choose its boundary orientation accordingly. Let be a finite triangulated integral fundamental chain of the disk, whose boundary is the corresponding fundamental cycle of its sphere. The chain is a relative cycle for since its boundary is in . Write The homology pair-LES computes its boundary directly as . Because is contractible and , that boundary map is an isomorphism . Thus is its nonzero generator. No relative Hurewicz map or theorem has been invoked.
The composite maps the whole boundary sphere to the marked basepoint. Hence it factors through the collapsed disk, giving In the fibration connecting construction, is a lift of this disk representative and its boundary lift is ; therefore the connecting homomorphism sends to . It is an isomorphism because the path-space total is contractible. The fiber marking was defined by precisely this connecting isomorphism, so is the marked nonzero base element of .
On chains, is the relative class of . Collapsing the disk boundary sends its oriented relative fundamental class to the fundamental sphere class. The sphere boundary is a nonempty closed subspace with a radial collar retracting onto it, so cor-homology-of-good-pairs-is-reduced-homology-of-the-quotient identifies relative disk homology with the reduced quotient homology. In the one-top-cell description of the quotient sends the characteristic disk generator to the same top-cell generator; naturality of thm-cellular-homology-computes-singular-homology makes this the asserted comparison of actual singular classes. Choose the quotient sphere orientation accordingly. Thus, under , Absolute Hurewicz of the -connected base identifies this with the nonzero generator of , including , where the base is simply connected and its first nonzero homotopy degree is two. This is the required generator comparison entirely through the pair-LES and the two absolute Hurewicz maps.
Check the UCT obstruction exactly in degree . For the relative pair it is For , the homology pair-LES identifies with , which is zero by the integral homology comparison with the -connected CW model obtained by applying the integral weak-equivalence homology theorem in [F1] to its marked weak equivalence. For , the relevant LES segment is so again . Thus the relative Ext term is zero in every case. The base UCT Ext term is , since for the -connected base. For the fiber in degree , its Ext term is zero because if , while is free if . The three evaluations are therefore the actual normalized fundamental-class evaluations, with no unidentified Ext summand.
Finally compute the two target evaluations. If represents on and extends to , the cohomology pair connector is represented by . Therefore Naturality of the Kronecker pairing likewise gives The relative UCT, with its now-verified zero Ext term, says evaluation is an isomorphism onto . Equality of these evaluations proves the claimed equality of classes. Mod-two coefficients eliminate the possible boundary-orientation sign.
Depends on
- Mapping path factorization
- Good pairs and quotient reduced homology
- Cellular homology computes singular homology
- Long exact sequence of homotopy groups of a fibration
- Absolute and relative Hurewicz homomorphisms
- Absolute Hurewicz theorem at the first nonzero degree
- Long exact sequence of a pair
- Long exact sequence of a pair in singular cohomology
- Topological universal coefficient short exact sequence for cohomology
- Eilenberg--Mac Lane spaces represent singular cohomology
- Kronecker evaluation pairing
- The kronecker pairing is independent of cocycle and cycle representatives
- The Axiom of Choice
- Local path-fibration and cohomology inputs for mod-two Eilenberg–Mac Lane induction
- Weak homotopy equivalences induce integral homology isomorphisms without choice
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
76 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Spectral Sequences in Algebraic Topology, Chapter 1 (standard reference, not scraped)