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Subharmonic pieces glue across a boundary under the limsup inequality

Statement

Let ΩC be a complex domain, let DΩ be open, let u be subharmonic on Ω, and let v be subharmonic on every connected component of D. Assume that for every ζDΩ, lim supzζzDv(z)u(ζ). Define w(z)={max{u(z),v(z)},zD,u(z),zΩD. Then w is subharmonic on Ω.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A complex domain Ω, an open subset DΩ, subharmonic functions u on Ω and v on every component of D, and the boundary limsup inequality of the Statement.

[L1]

Subharmonicity is equivalent to harmonic comparison on compactly contained discs (Subharmonicity is equivalent to harmonic comparison on compactly contained discs).

[L3]

A subharmonic function attaining a finite interior maximum on a connected domain is constant (A plane subharmonic function with an interior maximum is constant on its component).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

On D, the function w=max{u,v} is subharmonic by [L2]. Away from D its upper semicontinuity is therefore clear. At ζDΩ, the inside limsup is at most u(ζ) by the hypothesis and upper semicontinuity of u, while the outside limsup is at most u(ζ)=w(ζ). Thus w is upper semicontinuous on Ω.

givenL2
1.2

Let BΩ be a closed disc and let h be continuous on B, harmonic on B, and satisfy hw on B. Because wu there, [L1] first gives hu throughout B.

L1given
2.1

Let C be a connected component of BD. On CB one has hwv. At a boundary point of C inside B, the seam hypothesis and step 1.2 give lim supC(vh)uh0. Thus the subharmonic function vh has boundary limsup at most 0 on the bounded domain C. If it were positive somewhere, upper semicontinuity and the boundary bound would make it attain a positive interior maximum, contradicting [L3]. Hence hv on every such component.

step 1.2L3given
3.1

Steps 1.2 and 2.1 give hu on B and hv on BD, hence hw throughout B. Every harmonic boundary majorant therefore majorizes w, so [L1] and step 1.1 make w subharmonic on Ω.

L1step 1.1step 1.2step 2.1

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