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Two homotopies relative to the same subspace concatenate after piecewise-linear reparametrisation
Statement
Let and let be continuous. If is a homotopy from to rel and is a homotopy from to rel , then
is a continuous homotopy from to rel .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Topological spaces , a subspace , continuous maps , and homotopies and .
The endpoint and relative conditions for and are those of Homotopies of continuous maps, homotopies relative to a subspace, and path homotopies relative to the endpoints.
A map is continuous exactly when preimages of closed sets are closed (For a map of spaces the following agree: continuity at every point, preimages of open sets open, preimages of closed sets closed, preimages of subbasic open sets open, and , condition (c)).
In a subspace, closed sets are exactly traces of ambient closed sets; restrictions of continuous maps to subspaces are continuous (Subspace topology: the traces of the open sets, its closed sets and its bases, the continuity of the inclusion, and the characteristic property of a map into a subspace).
Product projections are continuous, and a map into a product is continuous exactly when its components are continuous (A map into a product is continuous iff each of its components is; the projections are continuous and open; and each projection is surjective when every factor is nonempty, which for an infinite index set uses the Axiom of Choice).
A finite union of closed sets is closed, and the complement of an open set is closed (Topology on a set, open and closed sets, clopen sets, the closed-set axiomatisation, and the coarser/finer comparison).
In the usual topology of , open balls are open intervals; has the subspace topology (The absolute value makes a metric space: is a metric, its open balls are the intervals , and it is unbounded, Subspace topology: the traces of the open sets, its closed sets and its bases, the continuity of the inclusion, and the characteristic property of a map into a subspace).
Proof
The sets and are closed in : their complements are respectively and , traces of open intervals of . Hence and are closed in , because they are the preimages of under the continuous time projection.
The maps , , and , , are continuous. Indeed, at any and for any ambient open interval of radius about , the relative interval of radius about maps into it, since ; [L5] turns these intervals into the required subspace neighbourhoods.
Define by . The first component is the restricted product projection and the second is after the time projection, so is continuous by [L2], step 1.2 and [L3].
The maps and are continuous: for every closed , or , which is closed by [L1]. On they agree, since .
Thus the displayed clauses define one function . If is closed, then is the union of , regarded as a closed subset of through the closed subspace , and , regarded likewise through . Each is closed by [L2] and steps 1.1 and 3.1, so their union is closed by [L4]. Hence is continuous by [L1].
At the first clause gives , and at the second gives . If , both clauses give the common value for every . Therefore is a homotopy from to rel .
Remarks
The continuity argument uses only a cover by the two closed sets and proves the finite pasting step directly. No assertion about an infinite closed cover is used.
Depends on
- Homotopies of continuous maps, homotopies relative to a subspace, and path homotopies relative to the endpoints
- For a map of spaces the following agree: continuity at every point, preimages of open sets open, preimages of closed sets closed, preimages of subbasic open sets open, and $f(\overline{A}) \subseteq \overline{f(A)}$
- Subspace topology: the traces of the open sets, its closed sets and its bases, the continuity of the inclusion, and the characteristic property of a map into a subspace
- A map into a product is continuous iff each of its components is; the projections are continuous and open; and each projection is surjective when every factor is nonempty, which for an infinite index set uses the Axiom of Choice
- Topology on a set, open and closed sets, clopen sets, the closed-set axiomatisation, and the coarser/finer comparison
- The absolute value makes $\mathbb{R}$ a metric space: $d(x,y) = |x-y|$ is a metric, its open balls are the intervals $(x-r, x+r)$, and it is unbounded
Used by
Dependency tree · next 3 levels
Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 60 results over 13 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- A. Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Section 0 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Homotopy lecture notes (University of Padua) (standard reference, not scraped)