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Induction commutes with an external tensor factor
Statement
Let and be subgroups of finite groups. Let be a finite-dimensional complex -module and a finite-dimensional complex -module, and let be the external tensor product, a -module (Subgroup, The external direct product with componentwise multiplication, is a group with identity , coordinatewise inverses, and homomorphic coordinate projections, A finite-dimensional representation over a field, and its degree, The tensor product of two complex representations). Then:
(i) There is a natural isomorphism of complex -modules
On characters, in (The induced character of a complex character, Virtual characters and the character ring of a finite group).
(ii) If , this reads . If also , then . No choice principle is used.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Finite groups , subgroups , and finite-dimensional complex modules for .
The componentwise product is a group; the product is a subgroup, with identity, products, and inverses inherited coordinatewise (The external direct product with componentwise multiplication, is a group with identity , coordinatewise inverses, and homomorphic coordinate projections, Subgroup).
For a finite-index inclusion and a commutative ring , the covariant-function model of is naturally isomorphic to (The induced -linear -module as -covariant functions on , The function model of induction agrees with the tensor-product model ).
The group ring has basis and multiplication . For a subgroup , the basis inclusion respects multiplication, so is an -bimodule (The group ring of finitely supported formal -linear combinations of group elements, The group ring is a unital -algebra with basis , and each is a unit of , -bimodules and commuting left and right scalar actions).
Tensor products are generated by elementary tensors, and balanced pairings descend uniquely to homomorphisms on tensor products (The tensor product from the additive group underlying the free -module on , elementary tensors, and finite tensor sums, Universal property of the tensor product for balanced maps into abelian groups).
The external tensor product has action (The tensor product of two complex representations).
The character of a tensor product representation is the product of its characters (Characters add on direct sums, multiply on tensor products, and conjugate on duals).
is the character of the induced representation (The induced character of a complex character).
A finite-dimensional representation over a field is a finite-dimensional vector space with a group action (A finite-dimensional representation over a field, and its degree).
The character ring is the integral span of honest complex characters (Virtual characters and the character ring of a finite group).
Proof
Since and , the componentwise product contains the identity and is closed under products and inverses in , so it is a subgroup. The basis inclusion respects multiplication, giving the right subgroup-ring action used below. All three group indices are finite.
On group-basis and module generators define . For fixed , the formula is complex-bilinear in , so it descends to . For , the images of and both equal . Thus the pairing is balanced over , and [F4] gives a well-defined map on the source tensor product.
Define . Moving across the first factor preserves its value because and the balanced relation moves to the action ; the same check with uses . The formula is complex-bilinear in the two outer factors, so [F4] gives a well-defined reverse map.
The finite group rings in [F3] have finite bases, so their tensor models on the finite-dimensional inputs [F8] are finite-dimensional. Apply [F2] with to the subgroup inclusions , , and ; it identifies the induction terms with the group-ring tensor models used above.
The composites and fix every displayed group-basis and pure-tensor generator. These generators span their respective tensor products by [F3, F4], so the composites are identity maps and is an isomorphism.
Left multiplication by sends to , which sends to the corresponding left actions on both target factors. The same formula commutes with - and -module homomorphisms on , so the isomorphism is -equivariant and natural.
The tensor-model identifications in step 2.1 turn into the module isomorphism in (i). If , the canonical map , , is an isomorphism with inverse ; if also , the same identity gives . Thus (ii) holds.
Since are finite-dimensional [F8] and the finite group rings in [F3] have finite bases, the tensor models of step 2.1 are finite-dimensional and have characters. Taking characters of the isomorphism in step 3.1 and applying [F6] to the two representations pulled back along the coordinate projections of gives the stated identity in by [F7] and [F9]. All maps were defined explicitly, so no choice principle is used.
Depends on
- The induced $R$-linear $G$-module $\operatorname{Ind}_H^G W$ as $H$-covariant functions on $G$
- The function model of induction agrees with the tensor-product model $k[G]\otimes_{k[H]}W$
- The tensor product $M\otimes_R N$ from the additive group underlying the free $\mathbb Z$-module on $M\times N$, elementary tensors, and finite tensor sums
- Universal property of the tensor product for balanced maps into abelian groups
- $(S,R)$-bimodules and commuting left and right scalar actions
- The external direct product $G\times H$ with componentwise multiplication
- $G\times H$ is a group with identity $(e_G,e_H)$, coordinatewise inverses, and homomorphic coordinate projections
- Subgroup
- A finite-dimensional representation $\rho:G\to \operatorname{GL}(V)$ over a field, and its degree
- The group ring $R[G]$ of finitely supported formal $R$-linear combinations of group elements
- The group ring $R[G]$ is a unital $R$-algebra with basis $G$, and each $g\in G$ is a unit of $R[G]$
- The tensor product of two complex representations
- Characters add on direct sums, multiply on tensor products, and conjugate on duals
- The induced character $\operatorname{Ind}_H^G\chi$ of a complex character
- Virtual characters and the character ring $R(G)$ of a finite group
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Peter Webb, A Course in Finite Group Representation Theory (complete author-hosted textbook, 294 pp.) (standard reference, not scraped)