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The generator complexes are mutually inverse
Statement
Fix and let and be the positive and negative twist complexes of The twist complexes R_i and R_i^{-1}, with in homological degree and in degree in the first complex and in degree and in degree in the second. Then for every there are homotopy equivalences of complexes of graded -bimodules where denotes the diagonal bimodule concentrated in homological degree ; they become isomorphisms in and induce isomorphisms of endofunctors In particular is a two-sided inverse of on , and both are equivalences of .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: An integer , the algebra with corner bases, the bimodules and maps , and the complexes with the totalization of Signed totalization of graded A_m-bimodule actions.
and with , the term being omitted for ; both are degree-zero maps of graded -bimodules (The Khovanov–Seidel bimodule maps β_i and γ_i).
and are bounded complexes of graded -bimodules with degree-zero differentials whose terms are finitely generated graded projective on both sides; their actions on are exact endofunctors agreeing with derived tensor (The twist complexes R_i and R_i^{-1}, Bounded two-sided projective bimodule complexes act on C_m).
The corner has -basis in degree and the return in degree , and is free of rank one on the arrow whenever the neighboring index lies in ; every path of length at least three is zero in and when (The 4m+1 path basis).
as graded abelian groups under , and the balanced tensor is associative and unital, with and naturally in the graded variables (Graded associativity, units, and internal-shift tensor isomorphisms, The two-sided projective bimodules U_i and their tensor functors).
The totalization of two bounded complexes of graded bimodules is a bounded complex with , its square-zero condition holding automatically, and it is functorial and associative up to canonical degree-zero isomorphism (Signed totalization of graded A_m-bimodule actions).
If a two-term cochain complex in an additive category has terms in adjacent degrees and differential an isomorphism, then it is contractible, with contracting homotopy in the upper degree (Gaussian elimination splits a contractible two-term complex, An invertible cochain differential block and its candidate reduction, Complexes, homotopies and contractibility in an additive category).
Proof
The middle corner and the module . By [L3] and the tensor-unit and associativity isomorphisms of [L4] the graded abelian group is free with basis in degree and in degree , so that ; by [L5] and [L4] the terms of the totalization are , and .
The two maps of the source's square. Define the -bimodule maps and by , and ; both are bilinear because multiplication is, and both are degree zero: in the shifted middle object the and components have degrees and , respectively, matching the degrees of their images and in . Each summand in has degree ; the natural balanced identification gives differentials and . Negating the middle coordinate gives the source’s signed chart, in which the differentials read , , and , , the source's anticommutative square of Section 2 with the sign on , and is the automatic square-zero condition of the totalization [L5].
The splitting of . Let be the image of under , so that because removes the middle ; write for the -component and define . The map is an isomorphism of graded bimodules: its inverse sends to , , , where decomposes along the - and -components, denotes the injective -component of , and the subscript denotes the -component; these four maps are well defined and degree zero. Consequently is the direct sum of , the graph and the -component , while and .
splits as a direct sum of three subcomplexes. Put , concentrated in degree , and , with differentials the restrictions of and ; these are subcomplexes of because on by step 2.1, by step 3.1 and , and by the direct sum decomposition of step 3.1 the objects of are the degreewise direct sums . Hence as complexes of graded bimodules, and identifies with the diagonal bimodule concentrated in degree .
The two outer summands are contractible. The restriction is surjective by construction and injective because is injective (its -component alone is already injective, as observed in step 3.1); hence it is an isomorphism, and is a two-term complex with invertible differential, contractible by [L6]. The restriction is an isomorphism, with inverse , so is contractible by [L6] as well.
The first homotopy equivalence. By steps 4.1 and 5.1 the complex is the direct sum of with two contractible complexes; a finite direct sum of contractible complexes is contractible, the contracting homotopy of a biproduct being the biproduct of the given homotopies, so the projection and the inclusion are inverse homotopy equivalences. This proves , and since the action of a complex with two-sided finite graded projective terms on is well defined on homotopy classes [L2], these maps induce natural isomorphisms .
The opposite order. Write . The middle corner in is again , not the oppositely typed tensor . Its terms are in degree , in degree , and in degree . Define These formulas are obtained by inserting on the left and multiplying on the right in the tensor totalization; in particular and . They are bimodule-linear and homogeneous, and their composite is zero by [L5]. The -component of is the identity under its shift identification, while is the identity from the -component to . With given by inserting in , one has . Hence the same explicit coordinate map and its componentwise inverse from step 3.1 split into its diagonal and two identity-pivot pairs. Their inverse differentials are the contracting homotopies, proving . Applying the action as in step 6.1 gives the opposite functor identity.
Conclusion. The complexes and are mutually inverse up to the homotopy equivalences of steps 6.1 and 7.1, hence are inverse isomorphisms in and induce two-sided inverse functor isomorphisms on ; in particular both are equivalences of . No choice principle is used, all the identifications being explicit finite formulas.
Depends on
- The twist complexes R_i and R_i^{-1}
- Corner computations: the U_i satisfy the Temperley-Lieb relations
- Gaussian elimination splits a contractible two-term complex
- An invertible cochain differential block and its candidate reduction
- Signed totalization of graded A_m-bimodule actions
- Bounded two-sided projective bimodule complexes act on C_m
- The Khovanov–Seidel bimodule maps β_i and γ_i
- Complexes, homotopies and contractibility in an additive category
- Graded associativity, units, and internal-shift tensor isomorphisms
- The 4m+1 path basis
- The two-sided projective bimodules U_i and their tensor functors
Used by
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Sources
- Mikhail Khovanov and Paul Seidel, Quivers, Floer Cohomology, and Braid Group Actions, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 15 (2002) 203-271, Proposition 2.4 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Dror Bar-Natan, Fast Khovanov homology computations, Section 4 (Gaussian elimination) (standard reference, not scraped)