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A bounded separately holomorphic function on a polydisc is Lipschitz on every smaller polydisc

Statement

Let $m \geq 1$ , let $a \in C^{m}$ , let $ρ$ be a polyradius, let $f : Δ_{ρ} (a) \to C$ be separately holomorphic (Separately holomorphic functions) with $∣ f ∣ \leq M$ throughout $Δ_{ρ} (a)$ , and let $0 < θ < 1$ . Then for all $z, w \in {\overline{Δ}}_{θ ρ} (a)$

$∣ f (w) - f (z) ∣ \leq \frac{M}{1 - θ} \sum_{k < m} \frac{∣ w_{k} - z_{k} ∣}{ρ_{k}} \leq \frac{M}{1 - θ} (\sum_{k < m} \frac{1}{ρ_{k}}) ∥ w - z ∥ .$

In particular $f$ is Lipschitz, hence continuous, on ${\overline{Δ}}_{θ ρ} (a)$ . No continuity of $f$ in the remaining variables is assumed at any point of the argument.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A separately holomorphic $f$ on $Δ_{ρ} (a)$ with $∣ f ∣ \leq M$ there, and $0 < θ < 1$ ; $C^{m}$ is read through Complex $m$ -space and its real coordinate dictionary.

[L1]

$f$ is separately holomorphic when for every point of the open set and every $k < m$ the $k$ th slice is holomorphic on the open set of $ζ$ for which the point lies in the domain (Separately holomorphic functions).

[L2]

$Δ_{r} (a)$ , ${\overline{Δ}}_{r} (a)$ and $Γ_{r} (a)$ are defined coordinatewise by $∣ z_{k} - a_{k} ∣ < r_{k}$ , $\leq r_{k}$ and $= r_{k}$ , and polydiscs are convex (Balls, polydiscs and the distinguished boundary in $C^{m}$ , A convex subset of $R^{m}$ contains every line segment between two of its points).

[L3]

For $g$ holomorphic on $D (a^{'}, R)$ , $0 < r^{'} < R$ and $∣ g ∣ \leq K$ on the circle $∣ ζ - a^{'} ∣ = r^{'}$ , one has $∣ g^{(n)} (a^{'}) ∣ \leq n! K / r^{' n}$ (Cauchy's inequalities bound every derivative by a boundary bound on a compactly contained circle).

[L4]

For an open convex $V \subseteq C$ , a holomorphic $g$ on $V$ and $z^{'}, w^{'} \in V$ , $g (w^{'}) - g (z^{'}) = (w^{'} - z^{'}) \int_{0}^{1} g^{'} (z^{'} + t (w^{'} - z^{'})) d t$ (On a convex open set the difference quotient is an average of the derivative along the segment).

[L5]

For an integrable $F : [a^{'}, b^{'}] \to R^{n}$ with $a^{'} \leq b^{'}$ , $∥ \int_{a^{'}}^{b^{'}} F ∥_{2} \leq \int_{a^{'}}^{b^{'}} ∥ F ∥_{2}$ (For $a \leq b$ and $f : [a, b] \to R^{m}$ integrable when $a < b$ , $∥ \int_{a}^{b} f ∥_{2} \leq \int_{a}^{b} ∥ f ∥_{2}$ ; for $a < b$ , $∥ f ∥_{2}$ is integrable); vector-valued integrals are componentwise and real-linear (The derivative and the Riemann integral of a vector-valued function: an intrinsic derivative and a componentwise integral); and $\int_{a^{'}}^{b^{'}} h \leq \int_{a^{'}}^{b^{'}} H$ when $h \leq H$ pointwise (If $f \leq g$ on $[a, b]$ and both are integrable then $\int_{a}^{b} f \leq \int_{a}^{b} g$ ; and $m (b - a) \leq \int_{a}^{b} f \leq M (b - a)$ ).

[L6]

A holomorphic $g = u + i v$ on an open subset of $C$ has $(u, v)$ of class $C^{k}$ for every natural $k$ , hence smooth (Holomorphic functions are real analytic and smooth in their two real coordinates), and every holomorphic function has complex derivatives of every natural order (All higher complex derivatives exist and satisfy Cauchy's integral formula on an interior circle); in particular $g^{'}$ is holomorphic and therefore continuous (Complex differentiability at a point implies continuity there).

[L7]

Finite sums are additive, scale and telescope (Laws of finite sums and finite products, Finite sums and finite products, by recursion).

[L8]

$∣ z w ∣ = ∣ z ∣ ∣ w ∣$ and $∣ z + w ∣ \leq ∣ z ∣ + ∣ w ∣$ (Conjugation is an involutive real-field automorphism, $z \overline{z} = ∣ z ∣^{2}$ , and modulus is definite, multiplicative, and subadditive), and $B (x, s) = {y : d (x, y) < s}$ (Open ball, closed ball and sphere in a metric space).

[L9]

If a property holds at $0$ and passes from $k$ to $k + 1$ , it holds for every natural number (The principle of mathematical induction).

[L10]

A nonempty set of reals bounded below has a greatest lower bound (Every nonempty set bounded below has an infimum, Greatest lower bound (infimum)).

Proof

technique · direct

1.1givenL2L9

Fix $z, w \in {\overline{Δ}}_{θ ρ} (a)$ and define points $v^{(0)}, \dots, v^{(m)}$ by $v^{(0)} = z$ and, for $k < m$ , letting $v^{(k + 1)}$ agree with $v^{(k)}$ except that its $k$ th coordinate is $w_{k}$ ; this is a finite recursion and $v^{(m)} = w$ . Every coordinate of every $v^{(k)}$ is a coordinate of $z$ or of $w$ , so $∣ v_{j}^{(k)} - a_{j} ∣ \leq θ ρ_{j}$ for every $j < m$ and each $v^{(k)}$ lies in ${\overline{Δ}}_{θ ρ} (a) \subseteq Δ_{ρ} (a)$ by [L2].

2.1step 1.1L7

By [L7] the difference telescopes: $f (w) - f (z) = \sum_{k < m} (f (v^{(k + 1)}) - f (v^{(k)}))$ .

2.2step 1.1L1L2

Fix $k < m$ and let $g_{k} (ξ)$ be the value of $f$ at the point agreeing with $v^{(k)}$ except in its $k$ th coordinate, which is $ξ$ . By step 1.1 and [L2] that point lies in $Δ_{ρ} (a)$ whenever $∣ ξ - a_{k} ∣ < ρ_{k}$ , so [L1] makes $g_{k}$ holomorphic on the disc $D (a_{k}, ρ_{k})$ , and $∣ g_{k} ∣ \leq M$ there.

3.1step 2.2L3L8L10

Let $∣ ξ - a_{k} ∣ \leq θ ρ_{k}$ and let $0 < s < (1 - θ) ρ_{k}$ . For $∣ ζ - ξ ∣ < (1 - θ) ρ_{k}$ one has $∣ ζ - a_{k} ∣ < ρ_{k}$ by [L8], so $g_{k}$ is holomorphic on $D (ξ, (1 - θ) ρ_{k})$ and bounded by $M$ on the circle $∣ ζ - ξ ∣ = s$ ; [L3] with $n = 1$ gives $∣ g_{k}^{'} (ξ) ∣ \leq M / s$ . The set of such $s$ is nonempty and the bound holds for each, so taking the infimum over $s \in (0, (1 - θ) ρ_{k})$ by [L10] gives $∣ g_{k}^{'} (ξ) ∣ \leq M / ((1 - θ) ρ_{k})$ .

4.1step 1.1step 3.1L2L4L5L6L8

The disc $D (a_{k}, ρ_{k})$ is convex by [L2] and [L8], and $z_{k}, w_{k}$ lie in the closed disc of radius $θ ρ_{k}$ about $a_{k}$ by step 1.1, so the whole segment between them satisfies $∣ ξ - a_{k} ∣ \leq θ ρ_{k}$ by [L8]. By [L4], [L6] and [L5], $∣ g_{k} (w_{k}) - g_{k} (z_{k}) ∣ \leq ∣ w_{k} - z_{k} ∣ \int_{0}^{1} ∣ g_{k}^{'} (z_{k} + t (w_{k} - z_{k})) ∣ d t \leq ∣ w_{k} - z_{k} ∣ \cdot \frac{M}{(1 - θ) ρ_{k}}$ , using step 3.1 on the segment.

5.1step 2.1step 2.2step 4.1L7L8∎

Since $f (v^{(k + 1)}) - f (v^{(k)}) = g_{k} (w_{k}) - g_{k} (z_{k})$ by the definition of $g_{k}$ in step 2.2, summing step 4.1 over $k < m$ and using step 2.1 and [L7] gives $∣ f (w) - f (z) ∣ \leq \frac{M}{1 - θ} \sum_{k < m} ∣ w_{k} - z_{k} ∣ / ρ_{k}$ ; each $∣ w_{k} - z_{k} ∣ \leq ∥ w - z ∥$ by the dictionary, which yields the second displayed bound and makes $f$ Lipschitz on ${\overline{Δ}}_{θ ρ} (a)$ . Only the slices of $f$ and the uniform bound $M$ were used, never continuity of $f$ in the remaining variables.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources

J. Lebl, Tasty Bits of Several Complex Variables, §1.2 (standard reference, not scraped)
H. P. Boas, Lecture Notes on Multidimensional Complex Analysis, Ch. 2 (standard reference, not scraped)