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Mean measures and measurable nonnegative integrals of random measures

Statement

Let ζ be a random locally finite Borel measure on S; in particular, ζ may be a point process. Then ν(B):=E[ζ(B)] is a measure, and for every nonnegative Borel f the map ω↦ζω(f) is a measurable extended nonnegative random variable satisfying E[ζ(f)]=∫f dν. The mean measure ν is locally finite if and only if E[ζ(K)]<∞ for every compact K.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A measurable random element ζ whose values are locally finite Borel measures on S.

[F1]

Each realization ζω is a measure, and every evaluation ω↦ζω(B) is measurable. (Random measures and locally finite point processes)

[F2]

Expectation of a nonnegative random variable is its nonnegative integral. (Expectation of a nonnegative or integrable random variable)

[F3]

Increasing limits pass through the nonnegative integral. (Monotone convergence for the integral)

[F4]

Every nonnegative measurable function is the increasing pointwise limit of nonnegative simple measurable functions. (Every nonnegative measurable function is the increasing limit of simple measurable functions)

[F5]

Pointwise limits of measurable extended-real functions are measurable. (Sequential suprema, infima, limsup, liminf, and pointwise limits of measurable functions are measurable)

[F6]

A measure is zero at the empty set and countably additive on pairwise disjoint measurable sets. (Measures on sigma-algebras)

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenF1F2F6

The function ν(B)=E[ζ(B)] is defined for every Borel set B by [F1] and [F2], and ν(∅)=0 because each measure ζω vanishes at ∅.

1.2givenF1F4F5

Let f≥0 be Borel and choose sn↑f as in [F4]. If sn is simple, its integral against ζ is a finite nonnegative linear combination of the measurable evaluations in [F1], hence is measurable. For each ω, monotone convergence for the measure ζω gives ζω(sn)↑ζω(f). The pointwise-limit result [F5] therefore makes ω↦ζω(f) measurable.

2.1givenstep 1.1F1F2F3F6

Let (Bj)j≥1 be pairwise disjoint Borel sets. For every ω, ζω(⋃jBj)=∑jζω(Bj) by [F1] and [F6]. The finite partial sums increase, so [F3] gives ν(⋃jBj)=lim⁡n∑j=1nE[ζ(Bj)]=∑jν(Bj). Together with step 1.1 this proves that ν is a measure.

2.2givenstep 1.2F1F2F3F4

For a nonnegative simple s=∑j=1maj1Bj, the definition ν(B)=E[ζ(B)] and finite linearity give E[ζ(s)]=∫s dν. For the increasing sequence from step 1.2, both ζ(sn)↑ζ(f) pathwise and ∫sn dν↑∫f dν; applying [F3] to both nonnegative integrals proves the expectation identity.

3.1givenstep 2.1F1∎

For compact K, local finiteness of ν at K means exactly ν(K)=E[ζ(K)]<∞ by its definition. Requiring this for all compact K proves the final equivalence.

Depends on

Used by

Cited to discharge well-definedness by Random measures and locally finite point processes.

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources