How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Mean measures and measurable nonnegative integrals of random measures
Statement
Let be a random locally finite Borel measure on ; in particular, may be a point process. Then is a measure, and for every nonnegative Borel the map is a measurable extended nonnegative random variable satisfying . The mean measure is locally finite if and only if for every compact .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A measurable random element whose values are locally finite Borel measures on .
Each realization is a measure, and every evaluation is measurable. (Random measures and locally finite point processes)
Expectation of a nonnegative random variable is its nonnegative integral. (Expectation of a nonnegative or integrable random variable)
Increasing limits pass through the nonnegative integral. (Monotone convergence for the integral)
Every nonnegative measurable function is the increasing pointwise limit of nonnegative simple measurable functions. (Every nonnegative measurable function is the increasing limit of simple measurable functions)
Pointwise limits of measurable extended-real functions are measurable. (Sequential suprema, infima, limsup, liminf, and pointwise limits of measurable functions are measurable)
A measure is zero at the empty set and countably additive on pairwise disjoint measurable sets. (Measures on sigma-algebras)
Proof
The function is defined for every Borel set by [F1] and [F2], and because each measure vanishes at .
Let be Borel and choose as in [F4]. If is simple, its integral against is a finite nonnegative linear combination of the measurable evaluations in [F1], hence is measurable. For each , monotone convergence for the measure gives . The pointwise-limit result [F5] therefore makes measurable.
Let be pairwise disjoint Borel sets. For every , by [F1] and [F6]. The finite partial sums increase, so [F3] gives . Together with step 1.1 this proves that is a measure.
For a nonnegative simple , the definition and finite linearity give . For the increasing sequence from step 1.2, both pathwise and ; applying [F3] to both nonnegative integrals proves the expectation identity.
For compact , local finiteness of at means exactly by its definition. Requiring this for all compact proves the final equivalence.
Depends on
- Random measures and locally finite point processes
- Measures on sigma-algebras
- The nonnegative Lebesgue integral
- Expectation of a nonnegative or integrable random variable
- Monotone convergence for the integral
- Every nonnegative measurable function is the increasing limit of simple measurable functions
- Sequential suprema, infima, limsup, liminf, and pointwise limits of measurable functions are measurable
Used by
- Poisson and Cox point processes Definition
- A stationary point process of finite intensity has mean measure rho times Lebesgue measure Theorem
- Campbell, Laplace, Mecke, and Cox moment formulas Theorem
- Existence and uniqueness of the full Palm law and the refined Campbell identity Theorem
- Finite-intensity Poisson-process existence and mixed-binomial law Theorem
Cited to discharge well-definedness by Random measures and locally finite point processes.
Dependency tree · two levels
44 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Gunter Last and Mathew Penrose, Lectures on the Poisson Process, author-hosted 2017 version (standard reference, not scraped)