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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-27
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The Perron family is nonempty and uniformly bounded by the boundary data

Statement

Let Ω⊆C be a bounded complex domain and let φ:∂Ω→R be continuous. Put m=min⁡∂Ωφ,M=max⁡∂Ωφ. Then:

  1. P(φ,Ω) is nonempty;
  2. every v∈P(φ,Ω) satisfies v≤M on Ω;
  3. the constant function m belongs to P(φ,Ω), so the Perron envelope satisfies m≤Uφ≤M.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A bounded complex domain Ω and a continuous boundary datum φ:∂Ω→R.

[L1]

The Perron lower family consists of subharmonic functions satisfying the boundary limsup inequality against φ (The Perron lower family for continuous boundary data).

[L2]

A subharmonic function on a connected domain cannot attain a finite interior maximum unless it is constant (A plane subharmonic function with an interior maximum is constant on its component).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1given

The constant function m is harmonic, hence subharmonic, and its boundary limsup equals m≤φ. Therefore m∈P(φ,Ω) by [L1], so the Perron family is nonempty.

1.2L1L2given

Let v∈P(φ,Ω) and fix ε>0. By the boundary limsup condition in [L1], every boundary point ζ has a neighbourhood Uζ such that v≤M+ε on Uζ∩Ω. The boundary is compact because Ω is bounded, so finitely many such neighbourhoods cover ∂Ω; their union leaves a compact set K⋐Ω. If v exceeded M+ε somewhere in Ω, then upper semicontinuity would make v attain its maximum over K at an interior point with value >M+ε, contradicting [L2] because v is not constant with that value near the boundary collar. Hence v≤M+ε on Ω.

2.1step 1.1step 1.2∎

Letting ε↓0 in step 1.2 gives v≤M on Ω for every v∈P(φ,Ω). Together with step 1.1, this yields m≤Uφ≤M.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources