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The regularized Perron envelope is harmonic

Statement

Let ΩC be a bounded complex domain and let φ:ΩR be continuous. Then the regularized Perron envelope Hφ is harmonic on Ω.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A bounded complex domain Ω and a continuous boundary datum φ:ΩR.

[L1]

The Perron family is nonempty, every lower function is bounded above by M=maxΩφ, and the envelope satisfies mUφM (The Perron family is nonempty and uniformly bounded by the boundary data).

[L2]

Poisson modification of a lower function on an interior disc stays subharmonic, is harmonic on that disc, majorizes the original lower function, and is again a lower function because it is unchanged near the outer boundary of Ω (Poisson modification is subharmonic and majorizes the original function, Poisson modification on a compactly contained disc).

[L3]

Finite maxima preserve subharmonicity and therefore preserve membership in the Perron family (Positive linear combinations and finite maxima preserve subharmonicity).

[L4]

An increasing harmonic sequence bounded above at one point converges locally uniformly to a harmonic limit (An increasing harmonic sequence converges locally uniformly to a harmonic limit or diverges to +infinity).

[L5]

The upper-semicontinuous regularization of a locally bounded-above subharmonic supremum is subharmonic (The upper-semicontinuous regularization of a locally bounded-above subharmonic supremum is subharmonic).

[L6]

A subharmonic function that attains a finite interior maximum is constant (A plane subharmonic function with an interior maximum is constant on its component).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

By [L1], the family P(φ,Ω) is locally bounded above. Applying [L5] to that family shows that Hφ is subharmonic on Ω.

L1L5
2.1

Fix z0Ω and choose a closed disc DΩ centered at z0. By the definition of upper-semicontinuous regularization, choose points znz0 with Uφ(zn)>Hφ(z0)1/n. For each n, choose vnP(φ,Ω) with vn(zn)>Uφ(zn)1/n.

step 1.1givenchoose
3.1

Put wn=max(v1,,vn). By [L3], each wn lies in the Perron family, and wn(zn)>Hφ(z0)1/n. Let hn=PDwn. By [L2], each hn is harmonic on D, belongs to the Perron family, majorizes wn, and the sequence (hn) is increasing because the sequence (wn) is increasing. Step [L1] also gives hnM on D.

L1L2L3step 2.1
4.1

The sequence (hn) is increasing and bounded above at every point by M, so [L4] yields a harmonic limit h on D. Since each hn belongs to the Perron family, one has hnUφHφ, hence hHφ on D. On the other hand, [step 3.1, L4] Hφ(z0)1n<hn(zn)h(zn)Hφ(zn). Letting n and using continuity of h and upper semicontinuity of Hφ gives h(z0)=Hφ(z0).

step 3.1L4
5.1

The function Hφh is subharmonic on D: both h and h are harmonic and therefore subharmonic, and [L3] handles sums with positive coefficients. Step 4.1 shows Hφh0 on D and vanishes at the interior point z0, so [L6] forces Hφh to be constant 0 on D. Hence Hφ=h on D, and therefore Hφ is harmonic near z0. Since z0 was arbitrary, Hφ is harmonic on Ω.

L3L6step 1.1step 4.1

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