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Indeterminacy of a rational map into an affine scheme is of pure codimension one

Statement

Assume AC. Let R be a ring, let Z be a normal Noetherian R-scheme (normal noetherian ring) and let B be a finitely generated R-algebra (Subalgebra generated by a subset, algebras of finite type, and module-finite algebras). Here an R-rational map means an equivalence class of R-morphisms on dense open subschemes, agreeing on a dense open of their intersection; on the disjoint integral components of the normal Z this extends the field-case convention of Rational maps of integral finite-type schemes. For such a map u:Z⇢Spec⁡B the indeterminacy locus of u is empty or of pure codimension one in Z. In particular, if u is defined at every point of height at most one, then u extends uniquely to an R-morphism Z→Spec⁡B.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, a ring R, a normal Noetherian R-scheme Z, a finitely generated R-algebra B, and an R-rational map u:Z⇢Spec⁡B.

[F1]

Choose R-algebra generators b1,…,bn of B, so that Spec⁡B is a closed subscheme of ARn cut out by the ideal of all defining relations; a morphism Z→Spec⁡B is the same as an R-algebra map B→Γ(Z,OZ), equivalently a choice of n regular functions satisfying those relations (Subalgebra generated by a subset, algebras of finite type, and module-finite algebras).

[F2]

A normal Noetherian domain A with fraction field K satisfies A=⋂ht⁡p=1Ap in K; equivalently, an element of K regular at every height-one point of Spec⁡A is regular (A normal Noetherian domain is the intersection of its height-one localizations, assuming AC). A rational map on an integral scheme is given by a morphism on a dense open, and two morphisms agreeing on a dense open of an integral scheme coincide (Rational maps of integral finite-type schemes).

Proof

technique · direct. The domain of the map is the common regular locus of finitely many rational functions, and each pole locus is pure codimension one by the intersection formula
1.1F1F2givenalgebra

Let Y=Spec⁡B and choose generators b1,…,bn of B over R as in [F1]. On the dense open where u is represented, the pullbacks u∗(bi) are rational functions fi on Z. On an integral affine chart U=Spec⁡A⊆Z with fraction field K, the fi lie in K, and a morphism U→Y is given exactly by an R-algebra map B→A, i.e. by elements f1,…,fn∈A satisfying every defining relation of B. Since those relations vanish on the dense open where u is defined, they vanish as rational functions; hence u is defined at a point z∈U if and only if f1,…,fn all lie in the local ring OZ,z.

2.1F2step 1.1algebra

On an integral affine chart U=Spec⁡A, the nonregular locus of f∈Frac⁡A is V(Jf), where Jf={a∈A:af∈A}: membership in Aq is equivalent to Jf containing an element outside q. If q is a prime minimal over Jf, then f∉Aq. Apply [F2] to the normal Noetherian local domain Aq: there is a height-one prime pAq at which f is not regular, with p⊆q. All chains below p survive localization, so p has height one in A. Nonregularity implies Jf⊆p, and minimality of q therefore gives p=q. Every irreducible component of V(Jf) thus has codimension one.

3.1F2step 2.1algebra

By step 1.1 the indeterminacy locus of u on U is the union of the pole loci of f1,…,fn. If all fi are regular on U, this locus is empty and u is a morphism on U. Otherwise it is the union of finitely many closed subsets each of which is of pure codimension one by step 2.1; a finite union of pure-codimension-one closed subsets of a Noetherian scheme has all its irreducible components of codimension one, so the indeterminacy locus is of pure codimension one.

4.1F1F2step 3.1algebra∎

If u is defined at every point of height at most one, then by step 2.1 no pole locus meets the height-one points of U, so each pole locus is empty; thus all fi are regular on every affine chart, and the local morphisms U→Y glue to an R-morphism Z→Y extending u, unique because Y is separated over R and two extensions agree on the dense domain of u by [F2]. Finite generation of B over R is used to have finitely many bi; the relation ideal need not be finitely generated, so that a common regular locus can be exhibited.

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