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Indeterminacy of a rational map into an affine scheme is of pure codimension one
Statement
Assume AC. Let be a ring, let be a normal Noetherian -scheme (normal noetherian ring) and let be a finitely generated -algebra (Subalgebra generated by a subset, algebras of finite type, and module-finite algebras). Here an -rational map means an equivalence class of -morphisms on dense open subschemes, agreeing on a dense open of their intersection; on the disjoint integral components of the normal this extends the field-case convention of Rational maps of integral finite-type schemes. For such a map the indeterminacy locus of is empty or of pure codimension one in . In particular, if is defined at every point of height at most one, then extends uniquely to an -morphism .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, a ring , a normal Noetherian -scheme , a finitely generated -algebra , and an -rational map .
Choose -algebra generators of , so that is a closed subscheme of cut out by the ideal of all defining relations; a morphism is the same as an -algebra map , equivalently a choice of regular functions satisfying those relations (Subalgebra generated by a subset, algebras of finite type, and module-finite algebras).
A normal Noetherian domain with fraction field satisfies in ; equivalently, an element of regular at every height-one point of is regular (A normal Noetherian domain is the intersection of its height-one localizations, assuming AC). A rational map on an integral scheme is given by a morphism on a dense open, and two morphisms agreeing on a dense open of an integral scheme coincide (Rational maps of integral finite-type schemes).
Proof
Let and choose generators of over as in [F1]. On the dense open where is represented, the pullbacks are rational functions on . On an integral affine chart with fraction field , the lie in , and a morphism is given exactly by an -algebra map , i.e. by elements satisfying every defining relation of . Since those relations vanish on the dense open where is defined, they vanish as rational functions; hence is defined at a point if and only if all lie in the local ring .
On an integral affine chart , the nonregular locus of is , where : membership in is equivalent to containing an element outside . If is a prime minimal over , then . Apply [F2] to the normal Noetherian local domain : there is a height-one prime at which is not regular, with . All chains below survive localization, so has height one in . Nonregularity implies , and minimality of therefore gives . Every irreducible component of thus has codimension one.
By step 1.1 the indeterminacy locus of on is the union of the pole loci of . If all are regular on , this locus is empty and is a morphism on . Otherwise it is the union of finitely many closed subsets each of which is of pure codimension one by step 2.1; a finite union of pure-codimension-one closed subsets of a Noetherian scheme has all its irreducible components of codimension one, so the indeterminacy locus is of pure codimension one.
If is defined at every point of height at most one, then by step 2.1 no pole locus meets the height-one points of , so each pole locus is empty; thus all are regular on every affine chart, and the local morphisms glue to an -morphism extending , unique because is separated over and two extensions agree on the dense domain of by [F2]. Finite generation of over is used to have finitely many ; the relation ideal need not be finitely generated, so that a common regular locus can be exhibited.
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Sources
- Bosch, Lutkebohmert, Raynaud, Neron Models (1990), 4.4/2 (indeterminacy of maps into affine targets) (standard reference, not scraped)
- The Stacks Project, Tag 031T (Hartogs for normal schemes) (standard reference, not scraped)