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Sard on the infinitely flat critical stratum
Statement
Let and , let be open, and let be with . Let
If is compact, then is null in .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Integers , a map with , and a compact set .
The multivariable Taylor formula with Lagrange remainder expresses the order- remainder using the order- derivatives at points of the joining segment (Multivariable Taylor formula with a Lagrange remainder along a line segment).
A continuous map on a compact metric space is uniformly continuous (Heine-Cantor: a continuous map from a compact metric space to any metric space is uniformly continuous).
Euclidean nullity is proved by box covers of arbitrarily small total volume (Measure zero and content zero in by countable and finite cube covers).
Proof
If , then has at most one point and is finite, hence null in by cubes of arbitrarily small side. Assume henceforth that . For each , choose nested closed cubes with and having in its interior. Compactness gives finitely many inner cubes whose interiors cover . It suffices to prove that each is null, because finite unions of Euclidean null sets are null directly from the cube-cover definition [F1].
Fix one pair , let , and let be the side length of . The finitely many order- partial derivatives of the components of are uniformly continuous on the compact cube by [L2]. Since they vanish at every , applying [L1] componentwise with degree shows that for every there is a single such that whenever , , and .
Fix . If , choose so small that ; if , choose any . Let be furnished by step 2.1, and choose so large that the congruent subcubes in the subdivision of into cubes have diameter below . Use the following target cubes. [step 2.1, choose, cases] For each subcube meeting , choose a point . If , then , so step 2.1 gives Hence lies in an -cube of side length at most
The union of those target cubes covers , and its total -volume has the following bound. [F1, step 3.1, cases, algebra] It is at most If , increase until this quantity is below ; if , the choice of in step 3.1 already makes it smaller than . In either case the total covering volume is below . Therefore [F1] implies that is null.
Applying step 4.1 to the finite cover from step 1.1 shows that is null. Thus the infinitely flat critical stratum has null image.
Depends on
Used by
- Morse-Sard for Euclidean maps Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
24 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Marco Gualtieri, Topology I: Smooth Manifolds, cumulative notes (standard reference, not scraped)