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Simple lifted caps avoid the original essential loop and a fixed intrinsic neighbourhood
Statement
Let γ be an essential original loop and γ_t its short fixed-flow null fence boundaries. Every Jordan lifted disk cap of γ_t has projected image disjoint from γ and from one fixed intrinsic neighborhood of γ in its original leaf.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: An essential original loop in its leaf and its short fixed-flow null fence boundaries , with the Jordan lifted disk caps of the canonical bundle.
The sibling-pair item lem-finite-chart-surface-normal-forms-supply-jordan-disks-and-torsion-free-groups supplies the compact-subspace argument giving torsion-freeness of the oriented surface group when the reduced leaf is noncompact, and the relatively compact intrinsic neighborhoods used below; the sibling-pair item lem-fixed-transverse-fences-have-a-finite-crossing-word supplies short fixed-flow separation for a compact set.
The in-pair item The canonical Jordan cap bundle develops coherently over every positive band supplies the canonical based Jordan caps and their projections; leaf disk charts verify local path connectivity and semilocal simple connectivity, and finite plaque chains verify path connectivity. Hence Every nonempty path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected space has a universal cover supplies a simply connected cover; For a path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected base, the deck group of a universal cover is isomorphic to the fundamental group identifies its deck group with the leaf fundamental group. Each covering fiber is closed and discrete, because the base is Hausdorff and evenly covered neighborhoods isolate its points. Its intersection with a compact set is finite: those isolating neighborhoods, together with the complement of the fiber, have a finite subcover.
The standing assumption is Countable Choice as recorded for this pair (The countable-choice principle used in the foliation pair).
Proof
Use the one global positive smooth field fixed before cap development in The canonical Jordan cap bundle develops coherently over every positive band, agreeing with the original fence field near its compact trace. Thus the whole compact leaf , when it is compact, and every intrinsic compact set used below lie in . If the reduced original leaf is compact, shrink its positive fence using compact separation for by [F1], so that its positive boundaries and entire cap leaves are distinct from ; every cap then misses the entire , and uniform neighbourhood avoidance is automatic.
If is noncompact, its fundamental group is torsion-free by the finite surface adapter of [F1]. Short fixed-flow separation for the compact set makes every boundary disjoint from . If a projected disk cap met , its leaf would be the original leaf ; lift the crossing to the disk in the universal cover of . The lift of through that crossing stays inside the disk, because it cannot cross the disk boundary (its projection is disjoint from ); the next lift of , starting at the endpoint of the first, also stays inside the disk, and inductively the whole orbit under the nonidentity deck element represented by the essential loop lies in the compact lifted disk. All these orbit points lie in one covering fiber, whose intersection with the compact lifted disk is finite by F2, so has finite order, contradicting torsion-freeness of the oriented surface group. Hence the projected cap misses .
Choose a relatively compact intrinsic neighbourhood of in and a smaller connected-near- neighbourhood with closure contained in , so that every point of can be joined to by a path in (finitely many leaf charts suffice). Compact flow separation for , not merely for , ensures every short avoids . If a projected cap on met , lift a path in from that point to starting inside the lifted disk; it cannot leave the disk, because crossing its boundary would project to an intersection of with , so its endpoint lies inside the disk and projects to , contradicting step 2.1. Thus all these cap images avoid uniformly, and caps on other leaves are automatically disjoint from . This corrects the source's unsupported uniform intrinsic-distance assertion by applying compact separation to an enlarged intrinsic compact neighbourhood; the argument uses finitely many charts and the one fence, hence only the standing countable choice from [F3].
Depends on
- The countable-choice principle used in the foliation pair
- Finite surface normal forms, Jordan disks, and torsion control
- Fixed transverse fences and their finite crossing words
- The canonical Jordan cap bundle develops coherently over every positive band
- Universal covering spaces
- Every nonempty path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected space has a universal cover
- For a path-connected locally path-connected semilocally simply connected base, the deck group of a universal cover is isomorphic to the fundamental group
Used by
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Sources
- S. P. Novikov, The Topology of Foliations (complete English translation) (standard reference, not scraped)