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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedverified 2026-10-22 (gpt-6.1-sol)
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The exterior of a slice disk has first homology generated by a meridian

Statement

Let D⊂B4 be a smooth properly embedded disk with boundary knot K⊂S3=∂B4. Choose a product tubular neighborhood ν(D)≅D2×D2 whose intersection with S3 is the chosen tube N(K), and let X=B4∖int⁡ν(D)‾. Then the inclusion EK↪X induces an isomorphism H1(EK;Z)→≅H1(X;Z) carrying the positive meridian of K to the positive normal-circle generator.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A smooth proper disk D in the standard B4, its product tubular neighborhood, and the induced knot exterior on the boundary.

[F1]

A knot exterior has first homology generated by its meridian: H1(EK;Z)=Z[μK].

[F2]

Excision for singular homology and Long exact sequence of a pair: relative homology excision and the natural pair sequence apply to the compact manifold pairs below.

[F3]

Contractible nonempty spaces have the homology of a point gives the homology of any nonempty contractible space. The contractions x↦(1−t)x of B4 and (u,v)↦((1−t)u,(1−t)v) of D2×D2 therefore make their positive-degree homology zero. By Homotopy equivalences induce isomorphisms on singular homology, the retraction (u,z)↦(0,z) identifies the homology of D2×S1 with that of S1; Homology of spheres gives H1(S1;Z)=Z and H2(S1;Z)=0.

[F4]

Knot exterior and Meridian and preferred longitude fix the boundary exterior and positive-meridian orientation.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F2F3givenconstruct

The portion of ∂X added by deleting ν(D) is the normal-circle bundle D2×S1, and it meets EK in S1×S1. By excision [F2], the relative pair (B4,X) has the homology of (D2×D2,D2×S1). The latter solid-torus subspace has H1≅Z generated by a normal circle and H2=0, while D2×D2 is contractible by [F3]. Its pair sequence [F2] therefore identifies H2(B4,X;Z) with Z, generated by a normal disk whose boundary is that normal circle.

2.1F2F3F4step 1.1algebraconstruct

In the pair sequence of (B4,X), the segment H2(B4)⟶H2(B4,X)→∂H1(X)⟶H1(B4) has zero end groups by [F3]. Hence ∂ is an isomorphism. The generator from step 1.1 maps to the normal circle on D2×S1. A path in the base disk D2 from an interior point to a boundary point gives a homotopy of these normal circles to the boundary meridian of K, with orientation fixed by [F4]. Thus H1(X;Z)=Z[μX].

3.1F1F4step 2.1algebra∎

The inclusion EK↪X carries the boundary meridian μK to the same normal circle μX. It is therefore an isomorphism between the infinite cyclic groups in [F1] and step 2.1.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources