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Smooth finite point motions extend to disk isotopies
Statement
Assume . Let be the closed unit disc and let be smooth paths that are constant on and on and satisfy for all and all . Then there is a smooth map such that:
- and every is a diffeomorphism of fixing pointwise;
- for every and every .
In particular is a boundary-fixed diffeomorphism carrying the initial marked set onto the terminal set .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The countable axiom of choice and the smooth collision-free paths , constant near the two ends of the unit interval.
For and there is a smooth with on and (A smooth bump between concentric Euclidean balls).
Under a time-dependent vector field on a manifold over an interval is a smooth map with , and an evolution operator satisfies and (Time-dependent vector fields and their evolution operators).
If the supports of a smooth time-dependent field over a compact interval lie in a common compact set, then a global evolution operator exists for all (Compactly supported time-dependent vector fields have global evolution on a compact time interval).
For a smooth time-dependent field on an open interval, the solution of the ordinary differential equation with its prescribed value at is unique (Time-dependent vector fields have local smooth evolution operators).
selects one element from each member of an at most countable family of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
A homeomorphism is a continuous bijection with continuous inverse (Homeomorphism, open map, closed map, embedding, and what it means for a property to be topological).
Proof
If , take for all . Assume below.
A compactly supported field along the tracks. The boundary margins are positive on the compact interval; when , the finitely many pairwise distances are positive there as well. Let be a common lower bound for all boundary margins and, when present, pairwise distances. By [L1] with choose a smooth bump equal to on with support in , and define Each term is smooth in and the sum is finite, so is a smooth time-dependent vector field on over in the sense of [L2]. For fixed the supports of the terms lie in pairwise disjoint balls when , and these balls lie in because each point stays at least from the boundary. Moreover on and . Hence the union of the supports over is a compact subset of , and for .
The flow carries each marked point along its path. By [L3] and [L5] the field has a global evolution operator over . Fix and let . At the point the -th term of equals because , and every term with vanishes there because while the support of the -th bump lies in . Hence , so solves the ordinary differential equation of [L2] with , and the uniqueness clause [L4] gives for every .
The flow maps are boundary-fixed diffeomorphisms. Since outside a compact subset of , the flow through an initial point of is constant, so fixes pointwise and maps onto itself; it is smooth, and its inverse is the flow map of the same field, so by [L6] each restricts to a homeomorphism of that is smooth with smooth inverse, that is, a diffeomorphism. Taking gives .
Conclusion. Setting and restricting the first variable to gives, by steps 2.1 and 2.2, a smooth map with , all time maps boundary-fixed diffeomorphisms, and for every and ; the terminal map therefore carries the initial marked set onto the terminal one, and no other property of the flow is used.
Remarks
- The only choice spent is , already present in the published definition [L2] of a time-dependent field; the finite Euclidean construction itself selects nothing.
- Disjointness of the bumps is what makes the field equal to near the -th moving point: the other summands are supported at positive distance from it.
Depends on
- Time-dependent vector fields and their evolution operators
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- A smooth bump between concentric Euclidean balls
- Compactly supported time-dependent vector fields have global evolution on a compact time interval
- Time-dependent vector fields have local smooth evolution operators
- Homeomorphism, open map, closed map, embedding, and what it means for a property to be topological
Used by
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