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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-04
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Compactly supported time-dependent vector fields have global evolution on a compact time interval

Statement

Let J⊆R be a compact interval, and let Xt be a smooth time-dependent vector field on M such that

⋃t∈Jsupp⁡(Xt)

is contained in a compact subset K⊆M. Then there is a global evolution operator Ψt,s:M→M for all s,t∈J.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A compact interval J, a smooth time-dependent vector field Xt on M, and a compact set K containing all supports supp⁡(Xt) for t∈J.

[L1]

Smooth time-dependent vector fields have unique local smooth evolution operators (Time-dependent vector fields have local smooth evolution operators).

[L2]

Local evolution operators satisfy the two-time cocycle law (Time-dependent evolution satisfies the two-time cocycle law).

[L3]

Outside the support of Xt, the vector field Xt vanishes (Smooth sections, local sections, and support).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L3given

Let γ:(a,b)→M be a maximal solution of γ˙(t)=Xt(γ(t)) with initial time s∈J. If γ(t0)∉K for some t0∈(a,b), then Xt(γ(t0))=0 for every t∈J by [L3], so the constant curve through γ(t0) also solves the equation. Uniqueness therefore forces γ to be constant on the connected component of {t∈(a,b):γ(t)∉K} containing t0. Thus every nonconstant part of the trajectory stays inside K.

2.1L1step 1.1choose

Suppose b<sup⁡J. Choose times tn↑b. If infinitely many γ(tn) lie in K, compactness of K gives a subsequence converging to some q∈K. Otherwise γ(tn)∉K for all large n, and step 1.1 makes those tail values constant on a neighbourhood of b; hence γ(tn)→q for some q∈M∖K. Applying [L1] at (b,q) gives ε>0, an open neighbourhood U of q, and a local evolution operator Ψt,s for s,t∈(b−ε,b+ε). Choose n large enough that tn∈(b−ε,b) and γ(tn)∈U. Then t↦Ψt,tn(γ(tn)) is a solution on (b−ε,b+ε). On the common interval (b−ε,b) it agrees with γ by uniqueness, because both solve the same equation and have the same value at time tn. This extends γ past b, contradicting maximality.

3.1step 2.1

The same argument excludes a left endpoint larger than inf⁡J. Therefore every maximal solution with initial time in J exists on all of J.

4.1L2step 3.1∎

Define Ψt,s(p) to be the value at time t of the unique solution starting from p at time s. Step 3.1 makes this global on J, and [L2] supplies the cocycle law. Hence Ψt,s:M→M is the desired global evolution operator.

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