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Smooth relative isotopy extension for finite disk arc systems

Statement

Assume the countable axiom of choice ACω. Let D2=B‾2(0,1)⊆R2 be the closed unit disc and let F:[0,1]×[0,1]→D2, (u,s)↦F(u,s), be a smooth map such that:

  1. for every s∈[0,1] the map u↦F(u,s) is a smooth embedding of the compact interval [0,1]; the endpoints p0:=F(0,0) and p1:=F(1,0) lie on ∂D2 and are fixed, that is F(0,s)=p0 and F(1,s)=p1 for every s∈[0,1]; and the interior of the arc stays inside the disc, F((0,1)×[0,1])⊆int⁡D2;
  2. the isotopy is stationary on collars of its endpoints: there is δ∈(0,12) with F(u,s)=F(u,0) for all u∈[0,δ]∪[1−δ,1] and all s∈[0,1];
  3. there are a finite set P⊆int⁡D2 and a closed set C⊆D2 whose union is avoided by the moving part, F([δ,1−δ]×[0,1])∩(P∪C)=∅.

Then there is a smooth map Φ:D2×[0,1]→D2, with Φs:=Φ(−,s), such that Φ0=id⁡D2, every Φs is a homeomorphism of D2 fixing ∂D2, P and C pointwise, and

Φs(F(u,0))=F(u,s)for all (u,s)∈[0,1]×[0,1].

Moreover, if F(1),…,F(m) are finitely many such data in succession, where the moving part of the k-th datum avoids P and the images of all arcs produced by the earlier stages, then the composite of the corresponding ambient isotopies realizes the finite sequence and still fixes P pointwise.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The countable axiom of choice, the closed unit disc D2 with its standard smooth structure, and a smooth arc isotopy F satisfying the three displayed hypotheses.

[L1]

Assume ACω: for an embedded submanifold S of a smooth manifold M and a smooth vector field Y along S there are an open neighbourhood U of S in M and a smooth field Y~ on U with Y~∣S=Y; when S is closed in M the extension may be taken on all of M (A vector field along an embedded submanifold extends to a neighbourhood and globally when the submanifold is closed).

[L2]

Assume ACω: a closed subset A of a smooth manifold M contained in an open set U admits a smooth f:M→[0,1] that equals 1 on a neighbourhood of A and has supp⁡(f)⊆U (A smooth Urysohn lemma for a closed set in an open set).

[L3]

If J is a compact interval and Xt is a smooth time-dependent vector field on M whose supports over t∈J lie in a common compact set, then there is a global evolution operator Ψt,s:M→M for all s,t∈J (Compactly supported time-dependent vector fields have global evolution on a compact time interval).

[L4]

Under ACω a time-dependent vector field on M over an interval I is a smooth map X:I×M→TM with X(t,p)∈TpM, and an evolution operator satisfies ddrΨr,s(p)=Xr(Ψr,s(p)) with Ψs,s(p)=p (Time-dependent vector fields and their evolution operators).

[L5]

For a smooth time-dependent field on an open interval and every (s,p) there is a local evolution operator near (s,p) and t↦Ψt,s(q) is the unique solution of the ordinary differential equation with its prescribed initial value (Time-dependent vector fields have local smooth evolution operators).

[L6]

An embedded submanifold S⊆M is read through slice charts φ with φ(S∩U)=φ(U)∩(Rk×{0}), and carries the subspace topology (Embedded submanifolds and slice charts).

[L7]

For every n≥0 the Euclidean space Rn is a smooth n-manifold with the identity as global chart, and open subsets carry the restricted structure (Euclidean spaces and Euclidean open subsets as smooth manifolds).

[L8]

ACω selects one element from each member of an at most countable family of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω)).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L2L4L6L7L8

Extend the track and cut off its velocity. Since F is smooth on the compact square, extend it as an R2-valued smooth map Fˉ to an open rectangle containing [0,1]2. Shrink the rectangle so that each slice u↦Fˉ(u,s) remains an embedding on a slightly larger closed interval for s in a neighborhood of [0,1]; this follows from ∂uF≠0 on the compact square and uniform separation of pairs of arc parameters away from the diagonal. Then F^(u,s):=(Fˉ(u,s),s) is an injective immersion on that open rectangle. On a smaller compact rectangle it is a continuous injection into the Hausdorff space R2×R, hence an embedding; its restriction to the interior is an embedded surface Σ without boundary. Define the smooth field along it by W(F^(u,s)):=(∂sFˉ(u,s),0). The compact set K0:=F^([δ,1−δ]×[0,1]) is disjoint from the closed set B:=(∂D2∪P∪C)×R, by hypotheses 1 and 3. The extension lemma [L1] gives an open neighborhood N of Σ and a smooth field W~ on N restricting to W. Choose an open U0 with compact closure contained in N∖B and containing K0. By [L2] choose a smooth ρ:R2×R→[0,1] equal to 1 near K0 and supported in U0. The field V:=ρW~ on N, extended by zero outside N, is smooth and compactly supported. Its spatial component Xs(x):=pr⁡R2V(x,s) is a smooth time-dependent field on R2 whose support over s∈[0,1] lies in a common compact subset of int⁡D2∖(P∪C).

2.1L4L5givenstep 1.1

The stationary collars are fixed. Hypothesis 2 gives ∂sF(u,s)=0 for u∈[0,δ]∪[1−δ,1] and s∈[0,1]. At each such track point W~=W=0, so Xs(F(u,s))=0. The constant curve at F(u,0) therefore solves the flow equation; uniqueness gives Ψs,0(F(u,0))=F(u,0)=F(u,s) on both endpoint collars.

2.2L2L3L4L5step 1.1

The flow fixes the required sets and preserves the disc. The support of X lies in a compact subset of int⁡D2∖(P∪C), so X vanishes on a neighborhood of ∂D2∪P∪C. Uniqueness makes each of these points stationary under the flow, and no flow line crosses the boundary; thus every flow map carries D2 onto itself and fixes ∂D2, P, and C pointwise. Each Ψs,0 is smooth with inverse Ψ0,s, hence a diffeomorphism of D2; it is the identity for s=0.

3.1L3L4L5step 1.1step 2.1

The flow realizes the moving part. Let Ψs,0 be the global evolution operator of X over [0,1], which exists since its supports lie in a common compact set. Fix u∈[δ,1−δ] and put γ(s):=F(u,s). At F^(u,s)∈K0 one has ρ=1, so the spatial component satisfies Xs(γ(s))=∂sF(u,s)=γ′(s) for every s∈[0,1]. Thus γ solves the flow equation with γ(0)=F(u,0), and uniqueness gives Ψs,0(F(u,0))=F(u,s). For u outside this interval step 2.1 gives the same equality. Hence Ψs,0(F(u,0))=F(u,s) for all u∈[0,1].

4.1L3L4step 2.2step 3.1∎

Conclusion and finite composition. Setting Φs:=Ψs,0∣D2 gives the smooth isotopy Φ:D2×[0,1]→D2 of the statement with Φ0=id⁡, the pointwise stabilisations of step 2.2, and Φs(F(u,0))=F(u,s) for every admissible pair by step 3.1. Moreover step 3.1 makes the whole construction available for each member of a finite sequence of such data, and the map (s,x)↦Ψs,0(x) is smooth by [L3] and [L4]; a finite composite of these smooth isotopies again begins at the identity, fixes ∂D2, P and C pointwise at every time, and realizes the finite sequence of moves, which proves the final clause as well.

Remarks

  • No Schoenflies-type or topological-taming assertion is made: the arc is smooth and embedded from the outset, and only the smooth vector-field extension along its space-time track is used.
  • Only ACω is spent, through the two published suppliers [L1] and [L2]; the flow theorem [L3] is applied to a compactly supported field, and the finite composition uses no choice at all.
  • The stationary collars make the prescribed endpoint portions of the arc constant, so the ambient field vanishes on them and the flow fixes them pointwise.

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