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Smooth relative isotopy extension for finite disk arc systems
Statement
Assume the countable axiom of choice . Let be the closed unit disc and let , , be a smooth map such that:
- for every the map is a smooth embedding of the compact interval ; the endpoints and lie on and are fixed, that is and for every ; and the interior of the arc stays inside the disc, ;
- the isotopy is stationary on collars of its endpoints: there is with for all and all ;
- there are a finite set and a closed set whose union is avoided by the moving part, .
Then there is a smooth map , with , such that , every is a homeomorphism of fixing , and pointwise, and
Moreover, if are finitely many such data in succession, where the moving part of the -th datum avoids and the images of all arcs produced by the earlier stages, then the composite of the corresponding ambient isotopies realizes the finite sequence and still fixes pointwise.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The countable axiom of choice, the closed unit disc with its standard smooth structure, and a smooth arc isotopy satisfying the three displayed hypotheses.
Assume : for an embedded submanifold of a smooth manifold and a smooth vector field along there are an open neighbourhood of in and a smooth field on with ; when is closed in the extension may be taken on all of (A vector field along an embedded submanifold extends to a neighbourhood and globally when the submanifold is closed).
Assume : a closed subset of a smooth manifold contained in an open set admits a smooth that equals on a neighbourhood of and has (A smooth Urysohn lemma for a closed set in an open set).
If is a compact interval and is a smooth time-dependent vector field on whose supports over lie in a common compact set, then there is a global evolution operator for all (Compactly supported time-dependent vector fields have global evolution on a compact time interval).
Under a time-dependent vector field on over an interval is a smooth map with , and an evolution operator satisfies with (Time-dependent vector fields and their evolution operators).
For a smooth time-dependent field on an open interval and every there is a local evolution operator near and is the unique solution of the ordinary differential equation with its prescribed initial value (Time-dependent vector fields have local smooth evolution operators).
An embedded submanifold is read through slice charts with , and carries the subspace topology (Embedded submanifolds and slice charts).
For every the Euclidean space is a smooth -manifold with the identity as global chart, and open subsets carry the restricted structure (Euclidean spaces and Euclidean open subsets as smooth manifolds).
selects one element from each member of an at most countable family of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Proof
Extend the track and cut off its velocity. Since is smooth on the compact square, extend it as an -valued smooth map to an open rectangle containing . Shrink the rectangle so that each slice remains an embedding on a slightly larger closed interval for in a neighborhood of ; this follows from on the compact square and uniform separation of pairs of arc parameters away from the diagonal. Then is an injective immersion on that open rectangle. On a smaller compact rectangle it is a continuous injection into the Hausdorff space , hence an embedding; its restriction to the interior is an embedded surface without boundary. Define the smooth field along it by . The compact set is disjoint from the closed set , by hypotheses 1 and 3. The extension lemma [L1] gives an open neighborhood of and a smooth field on restricting to . Choose an open with compact closure contained in and containing . By [L2] choose a smooth equal to near and supported in . The field on , extended by zero outside , is smooth and compactly supported. Its spatial component is a smooth time-dependent field on whose support over lies in a common compact subset of .
The stationary collars are fixed. Hypothesis 2 gives for and . At each such track point , so . The constant curve at therefore solves the flow equation; uniqueness gives on both endpoint collars.
The flow fixes the required sets and preserves the disc. The support of lies in a compact subset of , so vanishes on a neighborhood of . Uniqueness makes each of these points stationary under the flow, and no flow line crosses the boundary; thus every flow map carries onto itself and fixes , , and pointwise. Each is smooth with inverse , hence a diffeomorphism of ; it is the identity for .
The flow realizes the moving part. Let be the global evolution operator of over , which exists since its supports lie in a common compact set. Fix and put . At one has , so the spatial component satisfies for every . Thus solves the flow equation with , and uniqueness gives . For outside this interval step 2.1 gives the same equality. Hence for all .
Conclusion and finite composition. Setting gives the smooth isotopy of the statement with , the pointwise stabilisations of step 2.2, and for every admissible pair by step 3.1. Moreover step 3.1 makes the whole construction available for each member of a finite sequence of such data, and the map is smooth by [L3] and [L4]; a finite composite of these smooth isotopies again begins at the identity, fixes , and pointwise at every time, and realizes the finite sequence of moves, which proves the final clause as well.
Remarks
- No Schoenflies-type or topological-taming assertion is made: the arc is smooth and embedded from the outset, and only the smooth vector-field extension along its space-time track is used.
- Only is spent, through the two published suppliers [L1] and [L2]; the flow theorem [L3] is applied to a compactly supported field, and the finite composition uses no choice at all.
- The stationary collars make the prescribed endpoint portions of the arc constant, so the ambient field vanishes on them and the flow fixes them pointwise.
Depends on
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Time-dependent vector fields and their evolution operators
- Embedded submanifolds and slice charts
- A vector field along an embedded submanifold extends to a neighbourhood and globally when the submanifold is closed
- A smooth Urysohn lemma for a closed set in an open set
- Compactly supported time-dependent vector fields have global evolution on a compact time interval
- Time-dependent vector fields have local smooth evolution operators
- Euclidean spaces and Euclidean open subsets as smooth manifolds
Used by
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