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Evaluation is a numerable bundle and Hurewicz fibration

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let D2⊆R2 be the closed unit disc, let Qn=(q1,…,qn) be the fixed base configuration of Boundary-fixed mapping class group of a punctured disk, let

E:=Homeo⁡+(D2,∂D2),B:=Cn(int⁡D2),F:=Homeo⁡+(D2,∂D2;Qn),

with the compact-open topology on the homeomorphism groups, and let ev⁡:E→B, ev⁡(h):=[h(q1),…,h(qn)], be the evaluation map. Then:

  1. ev⁡ is a locally trivial fiber bundle with fiber F in the sense of Locally trivial fiber bundle;
  2. the bundle is numerable: the same charts come with a locally finite partition of unity whose supports are subordinate to their domains;
  3. consequently ev⁡ is a Hurewicz fibration.

All three assertions include n=0, where B is a one-point space and the bundle is trivial.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Choice, the closed disc D2, the fixed marked tuple Qn, and the evaluation map ev⁡.

[L1]

The evaluation map ev⁡:Homeo⁡+(D2,∂D2)→Cn(int⁡D2) is surjective, and every configuration has an open neighbourhood U with a continuous section s:U→Homeo⁡+(D2,∂D2) satisfying ev⁡∘s=id⁡U (Continuous local sections for disk point evaluation).

[L2]

A locally trivial fiber bundle with fiber F is a continuous p:E→B, an open cover (Ui) and homeomorphisms θi:p−1(Ui)→Ui×F with pr⁡1θi=p; it is numerable when the data include a locally finite partition of unity (ρi) with supp⁡ρi⊆Ui and sum one (Locally trivial fiber bundle).

[L3]

Assume AC and DC: every open cover of a metric space admits a locally finite partition of unity subordinate to it (Under choice and dependent choice, metric open covers admit locally finite subordinate partitions of unity).

[L4]

The Axiom of Choice implies the Axiom of Dependent Choice, which implies countable choice (AC implies DC implies countable choice).

[L5]

Assume AC: every numerable fiber bundle, with its supplied ordinary local product charts and support-subordinate locally finite partition of unity, is a Hurewicz fibration in all ordinary spaces (Numerable fiber bundles are hurewicz fibrations).

[L6]

The Axiom of Choice selects an element from each member of every family of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Choice).

[L7]

Cn(X)=Fn(X)/Sn with quotient map pn, points written [x], and Fn(X) consists of the tuples with pairwise distinct coordinates (Unordered configuration spaces Cn(X), Ordered configuration spaces Fn(X)).

[L8]

Homeo⁡+(D2,∂D2;Qn) is the stabiliser of the marked set and Homeo⁡+(D2,∂D2) is the group of boundary-fixing homeomorphisms, both with the compact-open topology, and composition is continuous (Boundary-fixed mapping class group of a punctured disk).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L2L7L8

Local product charts. Let ξ∈B and let Uξ and sξ be the neighbourhood and continuous section provided by [L1]; the evaluation map is continuous because for h,h′∈E one has ∥h(qi)−h′(qi)∥2≤d(h,h′) for all i and the quotient map Fn(int⁡D2)→B of [L7] is continuous. Define θξ:ev⁡−1(Uξ)⟶Uξ×F,θξ(h):=(ev⁡(h), sξ(ev⁡(h))−1∘h). For h∈ev⁡−1(Uξ) the composite sξ(ev⁡(h))−1∘h lies in F: applying it to the set Qn gives sξ(ev⁡(h))−1(ev⁡(h))=Qn because sξ(ev⁡(h))(Qn)=ev⁡(h) as sets. The map θξ is continuous, being built from ev⁡, the continuous section, inversion and composition, which are continuous by [L8]; it satisfies pr⁡1∘θξ=ev⁡; and it is a bijection with inverse (ξ,g)↦sξ(ξ)∘g, because ev⁡(sξ(ξ)∘g)=[sξ(ξ)(g(Qn))]=[sξ(ξ)(Qn)]=ξ and sξ(ξ)−1∘(sξ(ξ)∘g)=g, while the other composite is the identity by the same computation. Hence the maps θξ are local product charts over the open cover {Uξ} and ev⁡ is a locally trivial fiber bundle with fiber F as in [L2]; the fibre over [Qn] is exactly F by [L8].

2.1L2L3L4L6L7step 1.1algebra

Numerating data. For n≥1, give the ordered configuration space the metric d(x,y)=max⁡i∥xi−yi∥2 and set dB([x],[y]):=min⁡σ∈Snd(x,σy). Coordinate permutations are isometries, so this is independent of representatives and symmetric. The finite minimum is zero exactly for equal orbits; composing minimizing permutations and applying the triangle inequality for d gives the triangle inequality for dB. Moreover the preimage of the dB-ball about [x] of radius r is the union of the permutation translates of the ordered r-ball about x, hence is open. Conversely, the preimage of a quotient-open neighbourhood of [x] contains an ordered ball about x and is permutation-invariant, so it contains that union. Thus dB gives exactly the quotient topology of [L7]. For n=0, B is a singleton and is metrizable. The family {Uξ} is therefore an open cover of the metric space B. By [L6] choose one such pair (Uξ,sξ) for each ξ∈B; using AC we also obtain DC and countable choice by [L4], so [L3] supplies a locally finite partition of unity (ρξ) subordinate to the cover with all sums equal to one. Since each support satisfies supp⁡ρξ⊆Uξ, the charts of step 1.1 together with this partition are exactly the numerating data required in [L2]; hence the bundle is numerable.

3.1L2L5step 1.1step 2.1∎

The fibration. By [L5] and AC the numerable bundle just produced, with its displayed charts and partition of unity, is a Hurewicz fibration. The same argument applies for n=0, where B is a one-point space: the unique chart identifies E with the fibre, the constant partition with value one is locally finite, and the bundle over a point is a Hurewicz fibration.

Remarks

  • Choice selects one section chart for each base configuration. The Axiom of Choice also implies dependent choice, used for the subordinate partition of unity, and the published numerable-bundle theorem uses it to well-order finite chart words.
  • The local section charts were selected once for the open cover in step 2.1. The partition and numerable-bundle theorem then supply the homotopy lifting property without choosing a separate lift for each path.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources