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Numerable fiber bundles are hurewicz fibrations
Statement
Assume AC. Every numerable fiber bundle, with its supplied ordinary local product charts and support-subordinate locally finite partition of unity, is a Hurewicz fibration in all ordinary spaces. In particular a bundle of CGWH spaces with these charts is a Hurewicz fibration in CGWH. AC is used to well-order the set of finite chart words. No selection of a chart for every base point or of a separate lift for every path is made.
Facts & Assumptions
Numerating data are charts and a locally finite partition with closed support contained in . Locally trivial fiber bundle
Hurewicz HLP requires a jointly continuous lift for every initial map and base homotopy. Hurewicz and serre fibrations
Evaluation and transposition for compact-open interval paths hold for arbitrary spaces. Interval exponential law and quotient homotopies
A locally finite family of continuous nonnegative functions has continuous sum. A locally finite family of continuous nonnegative functions has a continuous pointwise sum
Finite minima, maxima, sums and quotients with nonzero denominator of continuous real maps are continuous. Sums, products, absolute values, finite maxima and minima, and quotients of continuous real-valued maps on a topological space are continuous where defined
Compact images are compact and continuous real functions attain extrema on nonempty compact sets. A continuous image of a compact space is compact; a continuous real-valued map on a nonempty compact space attains a maximum and a minimum; and a continuous bijection from a compact space to a Hausdorff space is a homeomorphism
Under AC a set admits a well-order. The well-ordering theorem
Local continuity and finite closed pasting give continuity. Continuity may be checked on any open cover, and on any finite closed cover; composites of continuous maps are continuous
Every closed bounded real interval is compact. A subset of with the product topology is compact exactly when it is closed and bounded, the product topology being the Euclidean metric topology
Proof
Given: The F1 bundle data indexed by a set , AC, , and the ordinary compact-open path space .
For each nonempty finite word in , repetitions allowed, put and . Extrema exist by F6. These functions are continuous on : for a fixed , index all closed interval neighbourhoods on which each relevant original real-valued composite varies by less than , and take finitely many whose relative interiors cover each . Requiring to map each selected compact interval into the inverse image under the relevant of the -enlargement of its original value range is a finite compact-open condition. On it the original and new values at every time differ by less than ; minima differ by at most the same bound. Finite minima over preserve continuity by F5.
Let , an open compact-open set. We have . Indeed, outside some lies outside and hence outside the closed support of . The evaluation neighbourhood requiring to remain outside that support is open and makes . Thus that is outside the support. This argument uses neighbourhoods, not sequential convergence.
For each some . The inverse images of the cozero sets of cover . Consider all pairs of a centre and a positive radius whose relative interval of twice that radius lies in one cover member. Their smaller intervals cover ; choose a finite subcover and a positive minimum of its finitely many radii. Every sufficiently short subinterval lies in one of the corresponding larger intervals: take a point in the short interval, place it in a chosen smaller interval, and use the radius bound on its diameter. Thus a sufficiently fine equal subdivision has every closed contained in one cozero inverse image. Finitely many index choices give a word; each selected continuous positive function has positive minimum on its by F6. Also, for fixed , the family , , is locally finite: cover the compact image by neighbourhoods meeting only finitely many cozero sets of the original partition, extract finitely many, and take their union . The neighbourhood meets cozero only for words in a fixed finite alphabet, hence only finitely many length- words. No infinite pointwise choice was made.
Put for . The shorter sum is locally finite by step 1.3, hence continuous by F4; F5 proves continuity of , with . At each , the least length with a positive has zero shorter sum, so some . The full family is locally finite: choose of length with and a neighbourhood on which it exceeds . For and , every of length vanishes there. Only finitely many lengths remain, each locally finite by step 1.3. Intersect finitely many corresponding neighbourhoods.
For and , define by transporting successively across the intersections of with . In chart a segment sends the current point to ; empty segments act identically. After chart the base point is , which proves that the next nonempty segment starts at the current base point. For continuity use the finite closed cases , , and , . On the third case the segment endpoints are and . The other cases use identity. At overlaps the segment has length zero and the chart formula equals identity, so F8 pastes them continuously. F1 and F3 make each nonempty chart formula continuous on its domain, including the incoming point. Iterate finitely many times. In particular exactly.
Set and . By step 2.1 and F4–F5 these are continuous, locally finite, sum to one, and . Use AC, precisely through F7, to well-order the set of words. Put and ; subfamilies are locally finite so these are continuous. At any fixed path the finitely many positive weights, in their induced order, give consecutive intervals filling .
Given with and an endpoint time , process the finitely many positive-weight words in order, applying on . Consecutive endpoints agree because their untruncated intervals are consecutive, and clipping preserves this. The result lies over . At every segment has length zero, so . Inserting zero-weight words changes nothing, by the exact zero-length identity in step 2.2. Thus the definition is independent of any finite list containing all positive weights.
The map is jointly continuous. Near a fixed , local finiteness leaves only finitely many possibly nonzero weights. For a word in that list with , shrink the neighbourhood so that its weight vanishes and discard it. For every remaining word, shrink into , using the support inclusion in step 3.1. On this single neighbourhood, is a fixed finite composition of the continuous maps in step 2.2 with the continuous clipped endpoint functions. Each formula is defined even when its weight becomes zero, since the whole neighbourhood is in . F8 proves joint continuity, including intervals shrinking to length zero and changes of the active list.
For an arbitrary initial map and compatible base homotopy , F3 makes continuous. Then is continuous by step 5.1, starts at and projects to by step 4.1. This is the full ordinary HLP of F2. When the bundle spaces and test space are CGWH, their interval cylinders have the ordinary topology, so the same ordinary lift is a lift in that category. This conclusion uses the ordinary charts specified in F1 and asserts nothing about merely k-product charts.
If is empty then is empty. If is empty then again is empty and only empty initial-map domains occur, so HLP is vacuous. Otherwise the construction covers constant paths, a single active word, zero weights and both endpoints without modification. The well-order in step 3.1 is the sole use of AC; all other selections were finite or a single local witness, and chart assignments were supplied data. Thus the theorem, with its exact choice and topology conventions, is proved.
Depends on
- Locally trivial fiber bundle
- Hurewicz and serre fibrations
- Interval exponential law and quotient homotopies
- The Axiom of Choice
- A locally finite family of continuous nonnegative functions has a continuous pointwise sum
- Sums, products, absolute values, finite maxima and minima, and quotients of continuous real-valued maps on a topological space are continuous where defined
- A continuous image of a compact space is compact; a continuous real-valued map on a nonempty compact space attains a maximum and a minimum; and a continuous bijection from a compact space to a Hausdorff space is a homeomorphism
- The well-ordering theorem
- Continuity may be checked on any open cover, and on any finite closed cover; composites of continuous maps are continuous
- A subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with the product topology is compact exactly when it is closed and bounded, the product topology being the Euclidean metric topology
Used by
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Sources
- May, A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology (standard reference, not scraped)
- Hatcher, Algebraic Topology (standard reference, not scraped)