Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6-luna)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

The standard normal CDF is continuous and strictly increasing

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let Φ(x)=P(Z≤x) for Z∼N(0,1). Then Φ is continuous and strictly increasing on R, with lim⁡x→−∞Φ(x)=0 and lim⁡x→+∞Φ(x)=1.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Choice and the standard normal law.

[A1]

The Axiom of Choice is assumed in the current definition of the standard normal law. The Axiom of Choice

[F1]

The standard normal law has density ϕ(x)=e−x2/2/2π and total mass one. Standard normal and normal laws

[F2]

The real exponential function is smooth, so the displayed normal density is continuous. The exponential function is smooth and (exp⁡)′=exp⁡

[F3]

A continuous real-valued function on a nonempty compact subset of R attains finite maximum and minimum values. Extreme value theorem: a continuous real function on a nonempty compact subset of R attains a greatest and a least value

[F4]

Measures are continuous along increasing sequences of measurable sets. Continuity from below for measures

[F5]

A measure finite on one set of a decreasing sequence is continuous along that sequence. Continuity from above when one set has finite measure

Proof

1.1A1F1F2F3algebra

The density ϕ in [F1] is positive and continuous by [F2]. Fix a<b. By [F3], ϕ attains a minimum c on [a,b]; since ϕ is positive at every point, c>0. The density formula and additivity over (−∞,a]⊔(a,b] give Φ(b)−Φ(a)=∫(a,b]ϕ(x) dx≥c(b−a)>0, so Φ is strictly increasing.

1.2A1F1F2F3algebra

Fix x∈R. By [F3], ϕ is bounded by some finite M on the compact interval [x−1,x+1]. If ∣y−x∣<1, then ∣Φ(y)−Φ(x)∣≤M∣y−x∣ by integrating the density over the interval between x and y. Letting y→x proves continuity at x, and x was arbitrary.

2.1A1F1F4F5step 1.1∎

The sets (−∞,n] increase to R, so [F4] and the total mass in [F1] give lim⁡n→∞Φ(n)=1. The sets (−∞,−n] decrease to the empty set and have finite measure, so [F5] gives lim⁡n→∞Φ(−n)=0. Monotonicity from step 1.1 then gives the two stated limits at infinity.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

39 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources