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Itô integral of a step on a stopping-time interval
Statement
Assume AC and the usual filtered-space hypotheses for the Itô integral. Let be a scalar Brownian motion on , let be stopping times, and let . The process is predictable with finite energy, and its continuous Itô-integral version satisfies up to indistinguishability. The statement applies coordinatewise to each entry of a matrix-valued coefficient and a finite-dimensional Brownian motion.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, , a scalar Brownian motion with increments independent of the current filtration, stopping times , and a square-integrable -measurable real random variable .
A square-integrable predictable step integrand on a finite deterministic partition has continuous Itô integral equal to the finite sum of its left-endpoint coefficients times Brownian increments. The integral map on predictable is an isometry. A square-integrable predictable step Itô integral is its finite sum Ito isometry and linearity in predictable L2
For a stopping time , consists of events such that for each ; on a right-continuous filtration the equivalent strict tests also hold. Continuous-time stopping times and stopped sigma-algebras
Brownian motion is adapted and has continuous paths on one measurable full event; its evaluations at bounded stopping times are measurable at the stopped sigma-algebras. Brownian motion Continuous adapted processes are measurable at bounded stopping times
Each finite-energy predictable integral has a continuous martingale version, and continuous versions equal at all times on one measurable probability-one event. The Ito integral process has a continuous martingale version The rationals embed densely in the reals
AC is inherited from the Brownian and Itô-integral construction interfaces; the deterministic-grid approximation below makes no further choice. The Axiom of Choice
Proof
First verify that is predictable pointwise. For and Borel , put . Then and , since . With , both and belong to . The preimage is if , and if ; thus it belongs to . Thus is adapted. Its paths are left-continuous and . On the nested deterministic grids , define and on each cell . Each is predictable by [F2]; the left endpoints of the cells containing any fixed increase to from below, so left-continuity gives . Hence is a pointwise limit of predictable processes and is predictable. Now let , and round each stopping time upward to the next point of this deterministic grid: and . The stopping-time test shows these are finite-valued stopping times, , , and . On a grid cell , the process has coefficient . This coefficient is -measurable: the active event is in , and restricted to is -measurable by [F2]. Thus is a finite predictable step process.
The intervals and differ in Lebesgue measure by at most on each path. Hence Also . The predictable space is closed under almost-everywhere limits: since the displayed squared errors are summable in , Tonelli implies for -almost every ; therefore has a predictable representative.
Apply [F1] to the deterministic-grid representation of . The active cells are consecutive, so their finite sum telescopes and gives almost surely for every fixed . By the isometry in [F1] and step 1.2 the left side converges in to . By [F3], path continuity and the endpoint convergence imply that the right side converges almost surely to . Uniqueness of limits in probability identifies the two limits almost surely.
Apply step 2.1 at the countable dense set of rational times in and intersect those measurable probability-one events with the continuity events from [F3] and [F4]. The two continuous processes then agree at every time on that one event. If , both sides vanish; , , and are included by the same formula. AC is used only through [A1].
Depends on
- Brownian motion
- Continuous adapted processes are measurable at bounded stopping times
- Continuous-time stopping times and stopped sigma-algebras
- Progressively measurable and predictable processes
- Ito integral for square-integrable predictable processes
- Ito isometry and linearity in predictable L2
- The Ito integral process has a continuous martingale version
- A square-integrable predictable step Itô integral is its finite sum
- The rationals embed densely in the reals
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
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