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LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-13
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The de Rham map is an isomorphism on convex coordinate domains

Statement

On a nonempty convex open subset VRn, or a nonempty convex relatively open subset VHn, the de Rham integration map IV:HdRk(V)Hk(V;R) is an isomorphism in every degree. Both sides are R in degree zero, identified by the value on the one component, and zero in positive and negative degrees. The same holds on a manifold coordinate domain diffeomorphic to such a V. No choice assumption is needed.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Naturality of the de Rham map gives naturality of integration on cochains and cohomology, also for boundary manifolds.

[F2]

The de Rham homotopy formula extends to boundary manifolds gives H1H0=dLH+LHd, with a smooth primitive operator also at a spatial boundary.

[F3]

Barycentric subdivision and prism preserve smooth singular chains supplies a smooth homotopy prism after flattening time, with the unchanged identity H1#H0#=P+P.

[F4]

Smooth singular chain and cochain complexes retains every simplex, including the unique constant simplex in each degree on a point, with the signed face differential and its dual.

[F5]

De Rham integration cochain evaluates a zero-form on each point simplex; in degree zero this is evaluation, not the zero map.

[F6]

Smooth singular chains and cochains are functorial for smooth maps supplies the chain, cochain and cohomology maps of the constant projection and inclusion of a point.

Proof

Given: A nonempty convex domain V of either kind in the statement. Fix one cV, and let p:V{c} and i:{c}V be projection and inclusion.

1.1

Set H(x,t)=c+t(xc). Convexity makes this target-valued for 0t1; its polynomial coordinate expression gives all required local extensions. Its endpoint maps are ip and the identity. For a closed form ω of positive degree, the constant-map pullback is zero because its derivative is zero. Thus [F2] gives ω=d(LHω). For a closed zero-form f, the same identity has LHf=0 and df=0, so ff(c)=0. Conversely constant functions are closed. Hence de Rham cohomology is zero in positive degrees and is R in degree zero, with evaluation at c inverse to the constant-function map.

F2given
1.2

On the point {c} there is exactly one simplex sj in every degree j0. For j1, its boundary is (a=0j(1)a)sj1, equal to sj1 when j is even and zero when j is odd. Therefore the cochain group is R in each nonnegative degree, with δk=0 for even k and δk=id for odd k. This unnormalized complex has H0=R and Hk=0 for k>0: in positive odd degree the kernel is zero, and in positive even degree the entire kernel is the preceding image.

F4given
2.1

The unmodified radial homotopy need not extend into a boundary target beyond the time endpoints. Use the time-flattened prism guaranteed by [F3] instead. It has the same endpoint maps and gives a degree-one chain operator P with id#(ip)#=P+P. For a cochain φ of degree k1 set Dφ=φPk1, and set D=0 in degree zero. Direct evaluation gives δDφ+Dδφ=φ(ip)φ. In degree zero the first term is zero and the second is φP0, so this identity still holds. No dual exactness theorem or selected cochain extension is used.

F3F4F6step 1.1
3.1

Since pi=id{c}, [F6] gives ip=id on cochains of the point. Step 2.1 gives pi=id on cohomology of V, because the difference on any cocycle is the coboundary δDφ. Thus i,p are inverse cohomology maps. More explicitly in positive degree, for a cocycle φ let β=iφ. In odd degree β=0 by step 1.2, so take γ=0; in positive even degree take the preceding-degree point cochain with the same scalar value as β, so δγ=β. Then φ=δ(Dφ+pγ). This proves positive-degree vanishing without a representative-selection principle. In degree zero, evaluation at c and constant cochains give the inverse identifications with R.

F4F6step 2.1step 1.2
4.1

By [F5], integration sends the constant function a to the cochain with value a on every point simplex. Thus the degree-zero map is the identity under the two identifications with R in steps 1.1 and 3.1. In every positive degree both groups vanish, so their unique linear map is an isomorphism; negative degrees are zero by the complex conventions. A coordinate diffeomorphism and its inverse give inverse pullback maps in both theories, and [F1] transports these conclusions to the coordinate domain.

F1F4F5step 1.1step 3.1
5.1

Nonemptiness is used only to fix one contraction centre; the empty domain instead has zero groups on both sides and still a comparison isomorphism, but not the asserted degree-zero identification with R. For n=0 the nonempty domain is a point, already calculated in step 1.2, and all positive-degree forms vanish. Degree one is covered by the zero odd-degree kernel at the point and the explicit primitive formulas. Constant and degenerate simplices are retained throughout. The endpoint flattening in step 2.1 preserves c and x, and [F2] handles both endpoints for forms. A single centre and explicit operators suffice; no choices over families of domains or cohomology classes are made.

F2F3F4step 1.1step 1.2step 3.1step 4.1

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