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The oriented boundary loop represents the ordered product of the standard meridians

Statement

With the conventions of Standard meridians of a punctured disk, the positively oriented boundary loop ∂ represents the ordered product [∂]=[x1][x2]⋯[xn] in π1(D2∖Qn,d).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: the boundary loop and standard meridians of Standard meridians of a punctured disk.

[F1]

The standard flower W consists of the truncated tethers ti and the circles Ci; its tethers form a tree rooted at d (The standard flower is a deformation retract with free meridian basis).

[F3]

Simple polygonal regions are disks; polygonal vertex disks and edge strips give compatible side coordinates, and prescribed PL boundary homeomorphisms extend over polygonal disks (Finite polygonal disk parametrizations and boundary surgery).

Proof

1.1givenF1F3construct

Constructing the cut disk. Suppose n≥1 and put S=D2∖⋃iint⁡Bi. We establish the needed cut geometry directly. Near d, the top outer boundary is yb(x)=1−x2, whereas every nonvertical tether has y=1−∣x∣/∣qi∣≤1−∣x∣. Use the collar between yb(x)±∣x∣/2, which misses the tethers for small nonzero ∣x∣ because 1−yb(x)<∣x∣/2. On each vertical fiber send yb(x) to yb(x)+χ(x)(1−yb(x)), where χ=1 near zero and vanishes outside a small interval; fix the collar endpoints and interpolate linearly. The target lies strictly between those endpoints, so each fiber map is increasing. Extend by the identity outside the collar and on x=0; the displacement tends to zero there, proving continuity of the map and its inverse, including on the vertical tether if present. This flattens the outer boundary near d and fixes all tethers. Away from this segment the outer boundary has positive distance from them, so finite circle collar charts replace it by polygonal chords. For each inner circle choose a fine inscribed polygon with pi as a vertex. If Ri(θ) is its radial boundary function, map radius εi to Ri(θ) and a slightly larger collar radius to itself by increasing linear interpolation. The collars can be disjoint and miss other tethers; on its own tether direction Ri=εi, so that tether stays fixed. Thus all boundaries become polygons while the tethers stay straight. Open each tether using the vertex-sector and edge-strip coordinates of [F3], separating the sectors at d. The boundary trace follows the outer boundary once and makes one detour down and back along each slit and around its hole. This is a single simple polygon after the shores have been separated: distinct tethers have disjoint interiors, distinct holes are disjoint and meet only their own tether, and the finitely many sectors at d are distinct. By [F3] its enclosed region is a disk. The side and sector coordinates identify this region with the zero-width cut surface K, giving K disk topology. Its boundary splits into the outer arc A and the complementary arc P; P contains all tether shores and all opened inner circles. Regluing the paired shores and sector copies of d gives a continuous quotient κ:K→S, with κ(P)=W.

2.1F2F3step 1.1construct

The two boundary paths of the cut disk. Orient A by the positive outer boundary traversal, from its initial sector copy of d to its terminal sector copy. Orient the complementary arc P in the same initial-to-terminal direction, opposite to its direction as a piece of the oriented boundary of K. In a convex disk coordinate for K, linear interpolation between these paths gives a homotopy relative to their endpoints. Composing with κ and the inclusion S↪X gives a based homotopy between ∂ and the image of P.

3.1givenF1F2step 1.1step 2.1construct

Tracing P after regluing. With this direction, P runs out along the first tether, counterclockwise around its circle, back along its other shore, and repeats for each tether in order. The sign follows from boundary orientation: inner circles of the oriented holed disk are clockwise, whereas P traverses them opposite to that boundary direction. Its order is 1,…,n: from d=(0,1) the positive outer boundary starts toward the left, and the distinct downward tether rays to q1<⋯<qn occur from left to right. After quotienting the paired shores, these successive paths are exactly ticiti−1=xi. Hence the image of P is the concatenation x1⋯xn, up to harmless parametrization and constant intervals.

4.1F2step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1∎

Conclusion. The based homotopy of step 2.1 and the traversal of step 3.1 imply the asserted identity by [F2]. For n=0 the straight-line homotopy from ∂(t) to d contracts the boundary relative to its basepoint, giving the empty product; for n=1 the same cut-disk argument is the positive outer/inner circle homotopy in the annulus. All collar charts, polygonal subdivisions and strips are finite, so no choice principle is used.

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