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The stabilizer acts unitarily on an imprimitivity fibre
Statement
Assume AC and let be a transitive system on on a separable Hilbert space, with multiplicity-normalized model and source-variable cocycle fields as above. Fix a Borel section with . There exist a Borel unitary field and a strongly continuous unitary representation , unique up to unitary equivalence, such that for every and almost every , where . The representatives can be replaced by this strict formula on all pairs and normalized with , so that and . Changes of fields or section give equivalent . If one recovers the original representation; if is trivial the recovered representation is trivial.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, the normalized transitive system, its cocycle fields , a Borel section with , and the section cocycle .
The cocycle fields may be chosen jointly Borel on , unitary for every and a.e. , with the a.e. cocycle law and with continuous in local measure in the strong topology; they represent the operators (Measurable cocycle fields for a multiplicity-normalized system).
Haar regularization: every such Borel -valued cocycle factors as for a Borel unitary field and a strongly continuous unitary , and is unique up to unitary equivalence under Borel gauge changes (Haar regularization of transitive unitary cocycles).
The section satisfies , , and the section cocycle satisfies the strict identity ; moreover for and (Borel cross-sections for closed subgroups of second-countable locally compact Hausdorff groups, Left and right cosets and of a subgroup, Left group actions, transitive actions, and faithful actions).
Unitary fields over a standard Borel base may be modified on null sets, conjugated pointwise, and evaluated at points after being placed in strict form; changes on null sets do not change the a.e. class of the field, and conjugating the whole factorization by a fixed unitary does not change the equivalence class of (Standard Borel spaces, Hilbert space, Separability: the existence of an at most countable dense subset, Hilbert-adjoint identities, Unitary equivalence of systems of imprimitivity and of the induced representations).
with the strong topology is a second-countable topological group, and Borel homomorphisms from the second-countable group into it are strongly continuous (Steinhaus and Pettis: Borel homomorphisms of second-countable locally compact groups are continuous).
Proof
Given: AC, the transitive system with normalized model, the cocycle fields, and the section .
The assignment is a Borel -valued cocycle on satisfying the a.e. cocycle law and the local-measure continuity of [F1]; hence [F2] applies and produces a Borel unitary field and a strongly continuous unitary with for every and a.e. .
Normalization at : if is -null, redefine ; this changes on a null set and the factorization remains valid a.e. If is an atom, replace by and by , which is a unitary equivalence of representations and makes the new field equal to at . In both cases the factorization holds for every and a.e. , and .
Uniqueness and gauge: if and both factorize the same cocycle, the uniqueness clause of [F2] gives a single unitary with for all ; a Borel gauge change multiplies the lifted trivializations on the left and does not change the equivalence class. A change of section changes by the corresponding -factor and leaves the class of fixed.
Place the formula in strict form: define ; by [step 1.1] a.e. for every , and the right-hand side is jointly Borel in ; the strict section identity of [F3] makes an exact cocycle on all of , so replacing the original fields by changes nothing in the a.e. class and gives the displayed formula for every pair.
Evaluating the strict formula at : for one has , so because ; and for , gives . Thus the recovered data are exactly and .
Boundary cases: if then is a point, , and the factorization collapses to , so is unitarily equivalent to the original representation carried by the fields. If then is the trivial group and is a strongly continuous unitary representation of the trivial group, hence the identity representation on its given fibre ; nothing more is asserted.
Steps 1.1, 2.1 and 3.1 give existence of with the strict factorization and the two evaluation identities; [step 1.3] gives uniqueness up to unitary equivalence and gauge; [step 4.1] gives the two boundary cases. This proves the statement.
Depends on
- Spectral multiplicity model of a transitive system of imprimitivity
- Measurable cocycle fields for a multiplicity-normalized system
- Borel cross-sections for closed subgroups of second-countable locally compact Hausdorff groups
- Steinhaus and Pettis: Borel homomorphisms of second-countable locally compact groups are continuous
- Systems of imprimitivity for a Borel $G$-space
- Transitive systems of imprimitivity and their normalized measure class
- Strongly continuous unitary representations, invariant linear subspaces and intertwiners
- Hilbert-adjoint identities
- Standard Borel spaces
- Separability: the existence of an at most countable dense subset
- Hilbert space
- The Axiom of Choice
- Haar regularization of transitive unitary cocycles
- Unitary equivalence of systems of imprimitivity and of the induced representations
- Left and right cosets $gH$ and $Hg$ of a subgroup
- Left group actions, transitive actions, and faithful actions
Used by
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Sources
- V. S. Sunder, Notes on the Imprimitivity Theorem (ISIBangalore/IMSc lecture notes, 22 pp.) (standard reference, not scraped)
- G. Misra, E. K. Narayanan and C. Varughese, Mackey Imprimitivity and commuting tuples of homogeneous normal operators, arXiv:2402.15737 (standard reference, not scraped)
- G. W. Mackey, Imprimitivity for Representations of Locally Compact Groups I, PNAS 35 (1949) 537-545 (Internet Archive capture of the PubMed Central scan) (standard reference, not scraped)