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The homeomorphism sends the Cantor set onto a compact set of Lebesgue measure
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. Let be the Cantor set and let be the homeomorphism of The map is a homeomorphism from onto . Then
is compact and Lebesgue measurable, with .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Countable Choice, the Cantor set , and the map .
is a homeomorphism from onto (The map is a homeomorphism from onto ).
The Cantor set is an uncountable subset of of Lebesgue measure zero (The Cantor set is an uncountable subset of of Lebesgue measure zero).
The Cantor function is constant on every interval with , and , and every point of lies in such an interval (The Cantor function is well defined, satisfies whenever , is surjective onto , and is constant on every interval removed from the Cantor set, claim 4).
Every open subset of is a countable disjoint union of open intervals, namely its order components (Every open subset of is a countable disjoint union of open intervals, namely its order components).
Assuming countable choice, every interval with endpoints included or excluded in any pattern is Lebesgue measurable with its usual length (A box in with parameters is Lebesgue measurable of measure , whichever of its faces are included).
Assuming countable choice, is a complete measure space (Assuming countable choice, is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and is a complete measure extending elementary volume).
Finite and countable subadditivity of measures (Finite and countable subadditivity of measures).
A subset of is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded (A subset of is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded, Open cover, subcover, compact subset of (every open cover has a finite subcover), and sequentially compact subset).
Proof
The complement is open, because is closed by the definition of the Cantor set. By [L4] write it as a countable disjoint union of nonempty open intervals. For each there are endpoints in with and .
Fix . By [L3] the Cantor function is constant on ; write that value as . Then for every , so is an open interval and by [L5].
The intervals are pairwise disjoint because is injective by [L1]. They cover , so countable additivity on the disjoint family and step 2.1 give , because [L2] says and [L5] says .
The set is compact: is closed and bounded, hence compact by [L8], and the continuous map carries compact sets to compact sets by [L1]. Also , with disjointness from injectivity of , so [L5] and step 3.1 give . Therefore .
Depends on
- The map $x \mapsto x + c(x)$ is a homeomorphism from $[0,1]$ onto $[0,2]$
- The Cantor set is an uncountable subset of $\mathbb{R}$ of Lebesgue measure zero
- The Cantor function is well defined, satisfies $c(x) \le c(y)$ whenever $x \le y$, is surjective onto $[0,1]$, and is constant on every interval removed from the Cantor set
- Every open subset of $\mathbb{R}$ is a countable disjoint union of open intervals, namely its order components
- A box in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with parameters $a_i\le b_i$ is Lebesgue measurable of measure $\prod_{i<n}(b_i-a_i)$, whichever of its faces are included
- Assuming countable choice, $\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and $\lambda_n$ is a complete measure extending elementary volume
- Finite and countable subadditivity of measures
- A subset of $\mathbb{R}$ is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded
- Open cover, subcover, compact subset of $\mathbb{R}$ (every open cover has a finite subcover), and sequentially compact subset
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
- A continuous image of a Lebesgue measurable subset of ℝ can be nonmeasurable Corollary
- A continuous preimage of a Lebesgue measurable subset of ℝ can be nonmeasurable Corollary
- There is a Lebesgue measurable subset of ℝ that is not Borel Corollary
- The map x ↦ x+c(x) carries the Cantor set onto a compact set of Lebesgue measure 1 inside [0,2] Example
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- John K. Hunter, Measure Theory (UC Davis lecture notes), Example 2.22 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Cantor function (Wikipedia) (standard reference, not scraped)