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The homeomorphism xx+c(x) sends the Cantor set onto a compact set of Lebesgue measure 1

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. Let C[0,1] be the Cantor set and let ψ(x)=x+c(x) be the homeomorphism of The map xx+c(x) is a homeomorphism from [0,1] onto [0,2]. Then

K:=ψ[C][0,2]

is compact and Lebesgue measurable, with λ(K)=1.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Countable Choice, the Cantor set C[0,1], and the map ψ(x)=x+c(x).

[L1]

ψ is a homeomorphism from [0,1] onto [0,2] (The map xx+c(x) is a homeomorphism from [0,1] onto [0,2]).

[L2]

The Cantor set is an uncountable subset of R of Lebesgue measure zero (The Cantor set is an uncountable subset of R of Lebesgue measure zero).

[L3]

The Cantor function is constant on every interval [u,v] with u<v, u,vC and (u,v)C=, and every point of [0,1]C lies in such an interval (The Cantor function is well defined, satisfies c(x)c(y) whenever xy, is surjective onto [0,1], and is constant on every interval removed from the Cantor set, claim 4).

[L4]

Every open subset of R is a countable disjoint union of open intervals, namely its order components (Every open subset of R is a countable disjoint union of open intervals, namely its order components).

[L5]

Assuming countable choice, every interval with endpoints included or excluded in any pattern is Lebesgue measurable with its usual length (A box in Rn with parameters aibi is Lebesgue measurable of measure i<n(biai), whichever of its faces are included).

[L7]

Finite and countable subadditivity of measures (Finite and countable subadditivity of measures).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

The complement (0,1)C is open, because C is closed by the definition of the Cantor set. By [L4] write it as a countable disjoint union kNIk of nonempty open intervals. For each k there are endpoints uk<vk in C with Ik=(uk,vk) and (uk,vk)C=.

L3L4construct
2.1

Fix k. By [L3] the Cantor function is constant on [uk,vk]; write that value as αk. Then ψ(x)=x+αk for every xIk, so ψ[Ik]=(uk+αk, vk+αk) is an open interval and λ(ψ[Ik])=λ(Ik)=vkuk by [L5].

step 1.1L3L5construct
3.1

The intervals ψ[Ik] are pairwise disjoint because ψ is injective by [L1]. They cover ψ[(0,1)C], so countable additivity on the disjoint family and step 2.1 give λ(ψ[(0,1)C])=k=0λ(ψ[Ik])=k=0λ(Ik)=λ((0,1)C)=1, because [L2] says λ(C)=0 and [L5] says λ([0,1])=1.

step 2.1L1L2L5L6L7
4.1

The set K=ψ[C] is compact: C is closed and bounded, hence compact by [L8], and the continuous map ψ carries compact sets to compact sets by [L1]. Also [0,2]=Kψ[(0,1)C], with disjointness from injectivity of ψ, so [L5] and step 3.1 give 2=λ([0,2])=λ(K)+1. Therefore λ(K)=1.

step 3.1L1L5L8

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