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The homeomorphism x↦x+c(x) sends the Cantor set onto a compact set of Lebesgue measure 1

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. Let C⊆[0,1] be the Cantor set and let ψ(x)=x+c(x) be the homeomorphism of The map x↦x+c(x) is a homeomorphism from [0,1] onto [0,2]. Then

K:=ψ[C]⊆[0,2]

is compact and Lebesgue measurable, with λ(K)=1.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Countable Choice, the Cantor set C⊆[0,1], and the map ψ(x)=x+c(x).

[L1]

ψ is a homeomorphism from [0,1] onto [0,2] (The map x↦x+c(x) is a homeomorphism from [0,1] onto [0,2]).

[L2]

The Cantor set is an uncountable subset of R of Lebesgue measure zero (The Cantor set is an uncountable subset of R of Lebesgue measure zero).

[L3]

The Cantor function is constant on every interval [u,v] with u<v, u,v∈C and (u,v)∩C=∅, and every point of [0,1]∖C lies in such an interval (The Cantor function is well defined, satisfies c(x)≤c(y) whenever x≤y, is surjective onto [0,1], and is constant on every interval removed from the Cantor set, claim 4).

[L4]

Every open subset of R is a countable disjoint union of open intervals, namely its order components (Every open subset of R is a countable disjoint union of open intervals, namely its order components).

[L5]

Assuming countable choice, every interval with endpoints included or excluded in any pattern is Lebesgue measurable with its usual length (A box in Rn with parameters ai≤bi is Lebesgue measurable of measure ∏i<n(bi−ai), whichever of its faces are included).

[L7]

Finite and countable subadditivity of measures (Finite and countable subadditivity of measures).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L3L4construct

The complement (0,1)∖C is open, because C is closed by the definition of the Cantor set. By [L4] write it as a countable disjoint union ⨆k∈NIk of nonempty open intervals. For each k there are endpoints uk<vk in C with Ik=(uk,vk) and (uk,vk)∩C=∅.

2.1step 1.1L3L5construct

Fix k. By [L3] the Cantor function is constant on [uk,vk]; write that value as αk. Then ψ(x)=x+αk for every x∈Ik, so ψ[Ik]=(uk+αk, vk+αk) is an open interval and λ(ψ[Ik])=λ(Ik)=vk−uk by [L5].

3.1step 2.1L1L2L5L6L7

The intervals ψ[Ik] are pairwise disjoint because ψ is injective by [L1]. They cover ψ[(0,1)∖C], so countable additivity on the disjoint family and step 2.1 give λ(ψ[(0,1)∖C])=∑k=0∞λ(ψ[Ik])=∑k=0∞λ(Ik)=λ((0,1)∖C)=1, because [L2] says λ(C)=0 and [L5] says λ([0,1])=1.

4.1step 3.1L1L5L8∎

The set K=ψ[C] is compact: C is closed and bounded, hence compact by [L8], and the continuous map ψ carries compact sets to compact sets by [L1]. Also [0,2]=K⊔ψ[(0,1)∖C], with disjointness from injectivity of ψ, so [L5] and step 3.1 give 2=λ([0,2])=λ(K)+1. Therefore λ(K)=1.

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