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Unit-slope torus knots are unknots
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. If are coprime nonzero integers and or , then the oriented torus knot is ambient isotopic in to the standard unknot with its standard orientation.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable Choice, coprime nonzero integers , and or .
Coprime torus knot realizes as the primitive slope curve on the standard Heegaard torus, with the two coordinate circles bounding disks on opposite sides.
Oriented connected sum and prime knot fixes the standard unknot as the standard oriented unit circle and uses orientation-preserving ambient isotopy for knot equivalence.
The isotopy extension theorem extends a smooth isotopy of a compact embedded circle to an ambient isotopy of the surrounding smooth manifold.
Countable Choice is the hypothesis of the torus-knot, unknot, and isotopy-extension interfaces (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Proof
Suppose . Write the original oriented curve as , where . Put and define . Each lies in ; its first coordinate is an injective circle parameterization because and , and the family is smooth including . It begins with the given orientation and ends at the core circle with orientation sign .
If , the path , , lies in and isotopes the identity to . The image of the curve is . Let satisfy and , put , and use . Its first coordinate has winding , so the family is a smooth isotopy through embeddings to the core with orientation sign . The initial coordinate rotation also preserves the knot orientation because it is an ambient isotopy.
By [F3], each smooth isotopy of the compact embedded circle constructed above extends to an ambient isotopy of . Its terminal core is the standard unknot, with orientation sign . If , write and define . This is a rotation in the -plane, so is an orientation-preserving isometry of from the identity to . On the core, , so this ambient isotopy reverses its orientation. In either sign case the original oriented curve is ambient isotopic to the standard oriented unknot.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
28 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Alessia Cattabriga and Stefano Francaviglia, Knot Theory and Applications: Lecture Notes (standard reference, not scraped)
- Danny Calegari, Introduction to Knot Theory (standard reference, not scraped)