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Wronskian of two jacobi fields is constant
Statement
Assume exactly the inherited Axiom of Countable Choice , propagated through Algebraic symmetries of the Riemann tensor. Let be a Riemannian manifold, let be an interval with nonempty interior, let be an affinely parametrized geodesic, and let be smooth Jacobi fields along . Then is constant on . No completeness or unit-speed assumption is required. Included endpoints use the one-sided covariant derivatives in Covariant derivative along a curve and Jacobi field. Constant geodesics are included.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The inherited assumption is ; is an interval with nonempty interior; is an affinely parametrized geodesic; and are Jacobi fields along it.
is the Axiom of Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Each Jacobi field satisfies with the curvature sign fixed in Jacobi field.
The curvature four-tensor is (Riemann curvature four-tensor).
Pair interchange holds: The symmetry theorem assumes and propagates (Algebraic symmetries of the Riemann tensor).
The Levi-Civita connection is metric compatible, so along a curve
for sections of the pulled-back tangent bundle; in a local frame this is the metric-compatibility identity applied to the connection along (Levi civita connection, Metric compatible connection on a riemannian vector bundle, Covariant derivative along a curve).
is the covariant derivative along the given curve; it is defined for intervals with nonempty interior, with one-sided values at included endpoints (Covariant derivative along a curve).
A continuous real function on an interval whose derivative vanishes at every interior point is constant on the whole interval (A function continuous on an interval whose derivative vanishes at every interior point of is constant on ; consequently two such functions with the same derivative differ by a constant).
is a symmetric inner product on each tangent space (Riemannian metric and riemannian manifold).
Proof
On the interior of , apply [F4] to both terms of ; the mixed terms cancel and give . The fields and connection are smooth, so is continuous on and differentiable in its interior.
Put . By [F1], , where [F7] reverses the metric arguments in the second term. Pair interchange and the two skew symmetries [F3] give . Thus .
By step 1.1, is continuous on ; step 2.1 gives zero derivative at every interior point. The interval form of [F6] therefore makes constant on all of , including any included endpoints. This also covers a constant geodesic, for which and the curvature terms vanish. Exactly is inherited through [A1] and [F3]; the pointwise differentiation and scalar constancy argument make no further choice and use no full Axiom of Choice. The statement is not an iff claim.
Depends on
- A function continuous on an interval $I$ whose derivative vanishes at every interior point of $I$ is constant on $I$; consequently two such functions with the same derivative differ by a constant
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Covariant derivative along a curve
- Jacobi field
- Levi civita connection
- Metric compatible connection on a riemannian vector bundle
- Riemann curvature four-tensor
- Riemannian metric and riemannian manifold
- Algebraic symmetries of the Riemann tensor
Used by
- Conjugate instants are isolated unless the geodesic is constant Proposition
- Hessian of distance in terms of radial jacobi fields Proposition
- Index lemma Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- John M. Lee, Riemannian Manifolds: An Introduction to Curvature (1997) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Ved Datar, Lectures on Riemannian Geometry (2025) (standard reference, not scraped)