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Bochner dominated convergence theorem
Statement
Assume . Let be strongly measurable, suppose in norm for almost every , and let be a nonnegative integrable scalar function with almost everywhere for every . Then and all are Bochner integrable,
and in norm.
Facts & Assumptions
Countable Choice selects one member from every countable family of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Finite norm integral characterizes Bochner integrability for a strongly measurable function (Bochner integrability criterion).
Strong measurability is a.e. pointwise norm approximation by finite-valued measurable simple functions (Strongly measurable Banach-valued function).
Pointwise scalar limits and countable suprema preserve measurability (Sequential suprema, infima, limsup, liminf, and pointwise limits of measurable functions are measurable).
Scalar dominated convergence yields convergence (Dominated convergence).
A Bochner integral is bounded in norm by the integral of the pointwise norm (Bochner integral norm inequality).
Simple Banach-valued integrals are linear (The Banach-valued simple integral is well defined).
Proof
Given: The sequence, limit, domination, and in the Statement.
Select simultaneous strong-measurability witnesses. [given, A1, L2, choose] Use [A1] exactly once to choose, for every , a simple approximation sequence witnessing the strong measurability in [L2]. Unite their exceptional null sets with those from convergence and domination; countable additivity makes the union null. Modify all functions and approximants to be zero there. We now have pointwise convergence everywhere and a doubly indexed family of simple approximants.
Obtain a common countable range and measurable distances. [L3, step 1.1] Let be together with all values of all selected simple approximants. It is countable. For each , the range of lies in , hence the pointwise limit also takes values in . For , the functions are measurable by applying [L3] to the simple approximants, and is measurable by applying [L3] once more to .
Build finite-valued approximants to the limit. [L2, step 2.1, construct] Enumerate with repetitions as . For each , assign to be the least-indexed nearest point to among . The finitely many tie-broken Voronoi cells are measurable by step 2.1, so is simple; density gives . Thus is strongly measurable.
Apply the scalar dominated-convergence theorem. [L1, L4, step 3.1] Passing to the pointwise limit in gives . By [L1], and every are Bochner integrable. Moreover , so [L4] gives .
Pass from convergence to integral convergence. [L1, L5, L6, step 4.1] Combining simple approximations to and , [L6] and approximation independence from [L1] show that . Apply [L5]: by step 4.1. If the measure space is empty or a.e., every integral is zero; no separate endpoint convention is needed.
Depends on
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Strongly measurable Banach-valued function
- Bochner integrability criterion
- Bochner integral norm inequality
- The Banach-valued simple integral is well defined
- Dominated convergence
- Sequential suprema, infima, limsup, liminf, and pointwise limits of measurable functions are measurable
Used by
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Sources
- Gerald Teschl, Topics in Real and Functional Analysis (standard reference, not scraped)