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A transgressive simple fiber system gives a polynomial base
Statement
Assume AC. Let be a Serre fibration with contractible and simply connected CW. The hypotheses concern the actual strict fiber cohomology ring; no CW-type or homotopy-equivalence assertion for the fiber is assumed. Suppose has a basis consisting of the finite products of distinct positive-degree classes , including the empty product, and only finitely many occur in each degree. Suppose classes satisfy . Then
No assertion that is required.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC; a Serre fibration with contractible total space and simply connected CW base ; a mod-two fiber cohomology basis of finite products of distinct positive-degree classes , including the empty product, locally finite in each degree; and classes with .
The cohomological Serre spectral sequence is constructed from a filtered complex, is multiplicative with a Leibniz rule, and converges strongly to the abutment (Cohomological Serre spectral sequence, Multiplicative cohomological Serre spectral sequence); morphisms of spectral sequences commute with the differentials (Morphism of spectral sequences) and a contractible nonempty total space has the cohomology of a point (Contractible nonempty spaces have the homology of a point).
The relative lifts lemma supplies the survival and precise differential page of each and its square, and the fiber-limit comparison lemma makes the fiber-axis and limiting isomorphisms force the base-axis isomorphism (Relative lifts produce cohomological transgressions, Fiber and limit isomorphisms force a base-axis isomorphism).
Tensor products decompose over bases, commute with direct sums, satisfy unit isomorphisms, and are characterized by the universal property (Tensor products commute with arbitrary direct sums, The regular module is a tensor unit: and , Universal property of the tensor product for balanced maps into abelian groups); under AC every vector space has a basis and cohomology over a field is dual to homology (Every vector space has a basis, Cohomology over a field is dual to homology over that field, The Axiom of Choice).
Proof
For each index form an abstract spectral sequence with initial page where . All differentials vanish except at , where and for every .
That differential has bidegree and square zero. Its homology is the scalar field in : multiplication by is injective on the polynomial ring, and its cokernel is its constant term. Tensor the factor sequences and use the sum of the factor differentials. In each fixed total degree only finitely many factors can contribute, because their degrees are positive and degreewise locally finite. Homology of these tensor complexes is the tensor of the factor homologies: over a field, cor-every-vector-space-has-a-basis and AC choose bases of boundaries and cycles and extend them to degreewise bases, splitting each complex into its homology and pairs on which the differential is an isomorphism. The tensor universal property makes the maps induced by those linear splittings well defined; thm-tensor-products-commute-with-arbitrary-direct-sums and the tensor-unit theorem distribute the splitting over the tensor factors. Tensoring a contractible pair admits the tensor contracting homotopy : the two cross-differential terms cancel in characteristic two, leaving on that summand. These constructions use the listed published basis/tensor interfaces, not an unproved tensor-homology formula. This proves the required page-to-page homology condition, including all finite truncations. Thus the tensor is a well-defined first-quadrant spectral sequence with limiting page only in .
The actual Serre page is . Indeed the fiber groups are finite-dimensional in each degree by the simple-system hypothesis; a chosen finite basis identifies the constant coefficient system with a finite direct sum of the scalar system, and cochains and cohomology commute with that finite direct sum. The base is simply connected, so there is no monodromy. No finite-dimensional hypothesis on base cohomology is needed.
Define a linear map by evaluating a squarefree monomial in the formal at the corresponding product of actual fiber classes and a polynomial in the at the . It need not be a ring map on the whole page: formal need not hold in fiber cohomology. The relative-lifts lemma gives the survival of each image through its designated page and its differential there. The actual differential's Leibniz rule shows, on each squarefree monomial, precisely the sum of factor differentials in the abstract model. Thus the linear map commutes with the first differential and descends to homology. Repeat on each subsequent page: factors already killed have both and absent, while every remaining generator survives until its specified page and has the specified differential. The same squarefree-monomial calculation proves commutation and descent at every page. This constructs an actual morphism of spectral sequences, without asserting a false multiplicative map in the fiber direction.
On the fiber axis this map is a vector-space isomorphism by the simple-system hypothesis. On the limiting page it is an isomorphism because the actual sequence strongly converges to cohomology of the contractible total space, while the model has the same scalar limiting page. The fiber-limit comparison now proves the base-axis map at is an isomorphism. On that axis the map really is the polynomial ring homomorphism , so this is the desired algebra isomorphism. The conclusion is a statement on , not an unsupported splitting of an abutment filtration.
Depends on
- Cohomological Serre spectral sequence
- Multiplicative cohomological Serre spectral sequence
- Morphism of spectral sequences
- Contractible nonempty spaces have the homology of a point
- Cohomology over a field is dual to homology over that field
- The Axiom of Choice
- Every vector space has a basis
- Tensor products commute with arbitrary direct sums
- The regular module is a tensor unit: $R\otimes_RN\cong N$ and $M\otimes_RR\cong M$
- Universal property of the tensor product for balanced maps into abelian groups
- Relative lifts produce cohomological transgressions
- Fiber and limit isomorphisms force a base-axis isomorphism
Used by
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Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Spectral Sequences in Algebraic Topology, Chapter 1 (standard reference, not scraped)