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Bott vanishing for real Pontryagin monomials of a foliation

Statement

Assume the full Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let F be a codimension-q regular foliation of a smooth manifold M with normal bundle ν=TM/TF. Then every real Pontryagin monomial of total cohomological degree greater than 2q in the normal bundle vanishes: for every homogeneous GL⁡q(R)-invariant polynomial φ representing a Pontryagin monomial and of polynomial degree k>q, the characteristic class φ(ν)∈HdR2k(M;R) obtained from the Pontryagin classes of ν by Pontryagin classes by complexification is zero. No integral statement is made: the vanishing is of the real Chern-Weil form, hence of the real class.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A codimension-q regular foliation F of a smooth manifold M with normal bundle ν=TM/TF and an invariant polynomial φ of degree k on the structure group of ν.

[F1]

For a connection ∇ on ν extending the Bott partial connection, in a leaf-parallel frame the curvature matrix entries lie in the differential ideal I generated by the one-forms vanishing on TF, and Iq+1=0. (Curvature of an extending Bott connection lies in the transverse differential ideal).

[F2]

The Chern-Weil construction is independent of the choice of connection and is natural under pullback. (Connection independence and naturality of Chern–Weil classes).

[F3]

The de Rham class of the Chern-Weil form of an invariant polynomial represents the corresponding real characteristic class of the bundle. (Characteristic forms represent topological characteristic classes over the reals).

[F4]

Under AC a smooth real bundle admits a connection (Every smooth vector bundle admits a connection), and a smooth manifold admits a Riemannian metric under the implied countable choice (Every smooth manifold admits a riemannian metric).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F4givenconstruct

By [F4] choose a metric on TM, the orthogonal projection Π:TM→TF, and a connection ∇0 on ν. Define ∇Xs=∇ΠXBs+∇X−ΠX0s. Its direction-linearity and Leibniz rule follow from those of the two summands, since (ΠX)(f)+(X−ΠX)(f)=X(f); it extends the Bott partial connection. Now [F1] puts all its curvature entries in I with Iq+1=0.

2.1step 1.1algebra

Evaluating the invariant polynomial φ of degree k on the curvature gives a sum of products of k matrix entries Ωaibi, possibly with constant coefficients and traces; each such product is an element of Ik, so φ(R∇)∈Ik.

3.1F2F3step 2.1∎

If k>q then Ik⊆Iq+1=0, so the Chern-Weil form φ(R∇) is identically zero and represents the zero class; by [F2] the Chern-Weil class is independent of the connection and by [F3] it represents the real characteristic class of ν, so the real Pontryagin monomial φ(ν) vanishes in HdR2k(M;R); no integral refinement is claimed with AC used for [F4] and the topological-to-real comparison [F3].

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