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Bott vanishing for real Pontryagin monomials of a foliation
Statement
Assume the full Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let be a codimension- regular foliation of a smooth manifold with normal bundle . Then every real Pontryagin monomial of total cohomological degree greater than in the normal bundle vanishes: for every homogeneous -invariant polynomial representing a Pontryagin monomial and of polynomial degree , the characteristic class obtained from the Pontryagin classes of by Pontryagin classes by complexification is zero. No integral statement is made: the vanishing is of the real Chern-Weil form, hence of the real class.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A codimension- regular foliation of a smooth manifold with normal bundle and an invariant polynomial of degree on the structure group of .
For a connection on extending the Bott partial connection, in a leaf-parallel frame the curvature matrix entries lie in the differential ideal generated by the one-forms vanishing on , and . (Curvature of an extending Bott connection lies in the transverse differential ideal).
The Chern-Weil construction is independent of the choice of connection and is natural under pullback. (Connection independence and naturality of Chern–Weil classes).
The de Rham class of the Chern-Weil form of an invariant polynomial represents the corresponding real characteristic class of the bundle. (Characteristic forms represent topological characteristic classes over the reals).
Under AC a smooth real bundle admits a connection (Every smooth vector bundle admits a connection), and a smooth manifold admits a Riemannian metric under the implied countable choice (Every smooth manifold admits a riemannian metric).
Proof
By [F4] choose a metric on , the orthogonal projection , and a connection on . Define . Its direction-linearity and Leibniz rule follow from those of the two summands, since ; it extends the Bott partial connection. Now [F1] puts all its curvature entries in with .
Evaluating the invariant polynomial of degree on the curvature gives a sum of products of matrix entries , possibly with constant coefficients and traces; each such product is an element of , so .
If then , so the Chern-Weil form is identically zero and represents the zero class; by [F2] the Chern-Weil class is independent of the connection and by [F3] it represents the real characteristic class of , so the real Pontryagin monomial vanishes in ; no integral refinement is claimed with AC used for [F4] and the topological-to-real comparison [F3].
Depends on
- Curvature of an extending Bott connection lies in the transverse differential ideal
- The Bott partial connection on the normal bundle of a foliation
- Invariant symmetric polynomials on a matrix Lie algebra
- Evaluation of an invariant polynomial on curvature
- Closedness of invariant curvature forms
- Chern–Weil map for a chosen connection
- Connection independence and naturality of Chern–Weil classes
- Characteristic forms represent topological characteristic classes over the reals
- Chern, Pontryagin, and Euler characteristic forms
- Pontryagin classes by complexification
- The Axiom of Choice
- Every smooth manifold admits a riemannian metric
- Every smooth vector bundle admits a connection
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Sources
- Raoul Bott, Lectures on Characteristic Classes and Foliations (Lecture Notes in Mathematics 279; complete scan of the 178-page volume) (standard reference, not scraped)