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Category O has enough projectives
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Every simple object of admits a projective cover (An essential epimorphism is a surjection with superfluous kernel, and a projective cover is a projective source with such a map), which may be chosen inside the linkage class of ; the cover is unique up to isomorphism and indecomposable. Consequently has enough projectives: every object of is a quotient of a finite direct sum of such projective covers, because objects of have finite length and each composition factor is a quotient of its projective cover.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Choice, a simple object of in the linkage class , and an arbitrary object with a composition series.
There is a projective object with an epimorphism (Finite-dimensional tensoring reaches every simple of a linkage class).
If a projective object admits an epimorphism onto a simple object , then some indecomposable direct summand is a projective cover of ; projective covers of are indecomposable, unique up to isomorphism, and have local endomorphism rings (Projective covers in O are indecomposable and unique).
Every object of has a finite composition series. The category is abelian and closed under submodules, quotients and finite direct sums; extension closure in the ambient module category requires the middle term to be -semisimple (Every object of O has finite length, Category O is abelian and extension closed among weight modules, Composition series and composition factors of an object).
Proof
By [F1] there is a projective mapping onto ; applying [F2] to that epimorphism, some indecomposable direct summand of is a projective cover of , unique up to isomorphism and indecomposable, and it lies in , hence in the linkage class of .
Every object of is a quotient of a finite direct sum of such projective covers. Induct on the length of a composition series . For the zero object is a quotient of the empty sum. For , assume with a finite direct sum of projective covers, and let with its projective cover from step 1.1. Since is projective and is an epimorphism, lifts to , and the sum morphism is an epimorphism: an element differs from an element of the image of by an element of , which lies in the image of . Hence is a quotient of the finite direct sum of projective covers.
By step 1.1 each simple has an indecomposable projective cover lying in its linkage class, unique up to isomorphism, and by step 2.1 every object of is a quotient of a finite direct sum of these projective covers; this is exactly the assertion that has enough projectives.
Depends on
- The Axiom of Choice
- Composition series and composition factors of an object
- An essential epimorphism is a surjection with superfluous kernel, and a projective cover is a projective source with such a map
- Projective object
- Finite-dimensional tensoring reaches every simple of a linkage class
- Projective covers in O are indecomposable and unique
- Category O is abelian and extension closed among weight modules
- Every object of O has finite length
Used by
- A Verma module need not be projective in its block Counterexample
- The two projectives in the principal sl2 block Example
- Hom from a projective counts simple composition factors Lemma
- Hom to costandards counts Verma-flag factors Lemma
- Standard-costandard Hom and Ext-one orthogonality Lemma
- Projectives in category O have finite Verma flags Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
47 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Pavel Etingof, Representations of Lie Groups (18.757, Fall 2023), Cor. 16.6 and the preceding projection argument (standard reference, not scraped)
- Lin Chen, lecture notes (Spring 2024), Lecture 8, Theorem 4.3 (standard reference, not scraped)