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The chain metric is a metric, its topology is the weak topology, and the space is proper and complete
Statement
Let be an isometric polyhedral gluing with standing hypotheses (H1)-(H3) of Abstract isometric polyhedral gluings and the chain metric, let be its chain metric candidate, and let and be the constants of Face coherence, global hat coordinates and a uniform star radius for this gluing. Then:
(1) Well-definedness and metric. The length of a chain does not depend on the cells chosen to measure its steps, every two points of are joined by a chain, and is a metric on : for all , , , whenever , and (Metric space: iff , symmetry, and the triangle inequality; pseudometric and ultrametric).
(2) Topology. The metric topology of (The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement) coincides with the weak topology of the gluing: a subset of is open in the metric topology if and only if its trace on every closed cell is relatively open.
(3) Properness and completeness. Every closed -bounded subset of is compact (Open cover, subcover, compact metric space, and compact subset of a metric space); in particular is complete (Complete metric space: every Cauchy sequence converges in the space) and every closed ball is compact. No bound on the number of cells meeting a vertex is needed beyond local finiteness.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: An isometric polyhedral gluing with (H1)-(H3), its chain metric candidate , and the constants and of the star lemma.
The gluing data: cells with affine face isometries , the intersection condition, the weak topology, (H1)-(H3), the maximum dimension ; the chain metric candidate is the infimum of lengths of chains, where a chain's length is the sum over its steps of the Euclidean distance in any cell containing the two consecutive points. Abstract isometric polyhedral gluings and the chain metric
The order complex of and the map : is a homeomorphism from the weak topology of to the weak topology of ; every point of lies in the relative interior of exactly one simplex of ; the hat coordinates satisfy , are affine on every simplex, and satisfy ; for every there is with and lies in the open star of ; every closed star is the image under of the realization of a finite subcomplex of , hence compact and metrizable; the open stars cover ; and each vertex has only finitely many vertices in a common cell with it. Face coherence, global hat coordinates and a uniform star radius
Metric vocabulary and elementary facts: and the reverse triangle inequality hold in a metric space; open balls, the metric topology, compactness, completeness, Cauchy sequences and convergence have their usual meaning. Nonnegativity of a metric is a consequence of the other axioms, not an axiom, The reverse triangle inequality in any metric space, Open ball, closed ball and sphere in a metric space, The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement, Open cover, subcover, compact metric space, and compact subset of a metric space, Complete metric space: every Cauchy sequence converges in the space, Cauchy sequence in a metric space, Convergence of a sequence in a metric space: iff in
A compact metric space is complete; a closed subset of a compact metric space is compact; a continuous bijection from a compact metric space onto a metric space has continuous inverse; a Cauchy sequence with a convergent subsequence converges to that subsequential limit. A compact metric space is complete and totally bounded, and neither implication uses any choice principle, A closed subset of a compact metric space is compact, A continuous bijection from a compact metric space onto a metric space carries open sets to open sets, so its inverse is continuous, A Cauchy sequence in a metric space with a convergent subsequence converges to that subsequence’s limit
For a finite abstract simplicial complex the weak topology on its realization agrees with the Euclidean topology and the realization is a compact metric space; a finite subcomplex of any complex includes into its realization as a closed embedding with that topology. Finite simplicial weak topology agrees with euclidean topology
Proof
Given: The gluing with (H1)-(H3), its chain metric candidate , the constants , the order complex and the map .
The length of a chain is independent of the chosen cells and is finite, so is a symmetric real-valued function with and the triangle inequality. If lie in cells and , then by the intersection condition of [F1] both points lie in , and the affine face isometries identify the three cells on their common points, so the Euclidean distances computed in and in agree; hence every choice gives the same sum. For finiteness, fix and let be the set of points joined to by a chain; if a cell meets , say in , then any is joined to by the given chain followed by a one-step chain, so : thus the trace of on every closed cell is either that cell or empty, and is open and closed in the weak topology of [F1]; as is connected, . Therefore every two points are joined by a chain, each chain has finite length, and for all . Reversing a chain shows , the one-term chain shows , and concatenating chains at and passing to the infimum shows the triangle inequality.
For every and real the closed ball is contained in a finite union of closed stars. Call two vertices adjacent when they lie in a common cell; by [F2] each vertex has only finitely many adjacent vertices. Choose with and let be the finite set of vertices reachable from by a walk of at most steps of the adjacency relation; then . Indeed, let . If , it already lies in the starting star. Otherwise choose a chain of length , delete consecutive repeated points, and traverse each remaining step at unit speed in its cell to obtain a map with , and , because the sub-chain between two parameter values has length at most the parameter difference. Put and let be the parameters obtained by steps of size , the last gap being at most ; then . For each choose a vertex with , taking for . Since , the point lies both in and in , so the two open stars meet and lie in a common cell, that is, they are adjacent. By induction , and lies in .
is a metric: if then . Suppose . By the Lipschitz clause of [F2], for every vertex , so for all . Since and correspond under the bijection of [F2] to the functions on the vertex set (their values on the carrier), this gives and hence . With [step 1.1] this gives all the metric axioms of [F3].
Every metric ball is weakly open: the metric topology is contained in the weak topology of [F1]. Fix and a cell with its Euclidean metric . For the reverse triangle inequality gives , and the one-step chain gives ; hence is -Lipschitz, in particular continuous, on . Therefore the trace of any open ball on is relatively open, and as was arbitrary each ball is weakly open.
Every closed bounded subset of is compact. Let be closed and bounded; if this is [F3]. Otherwise for some and . The ball is closed, since is -Lipschitz and hence continuous, and by [step 1.2] it is contained in the union of the finitely many closed stars , ; each of those is compact in the weak topology by [F2] and therefore compact for the metric subspace topology by step 2.2: any metric-open cover is also weakly open on the star and thus has a finite subcover. Their finite union is metric compact, since an open cover has a finite subcover on each of the finitely many stars, and , being a closed subset of that compact metric space, is compact by [F4]. Finally , closed in , is closed in the subspace and therefore compact by [F4].
The weak topology is contained in the metric topology. Let be weakly open and let . By [F2] choose a vertex with and contained in the open star of ; the closed star of is the image under of the realization of a finite subcomplex of . The map is a continuous bijection from the compact metric space of [F5] onto with the weak topology, and the identity on towards the metric subspace topology is continuous by [step 2.2], so the composite is a continuous bijection from a compact metric space onto a metric space; by [F4] the weak and metric topologies agree on . Hence is open in the metric subspace : there is with . Taking and using we obtain . Therefore every weakly open set is metric open, and with [step 2.2] the two topologies coincide.
Every closed ball is compact by [step 3.1], since a closed ball is closed and bounded. For completeness, let be a Cauchy sequence in ; by [F3] fix an index with for all . The finitely many terms have finite distances from , so there is a real with for every , and hence the sequence lies in the closed ball , which is compact by [step 3.1] and therefore complete by [F4]; being Cauchy in and lying in this complete subspace, converges to a point of it, so is complete.
Depends on
- Abstract isometric polyhedral gluings and the chain metric
- Face coherence, global hat coordinates and a uniform star radius
- Metric space: $d(x,y) = 0$ iff $x = y$, symmetry, and the triangle inequality; pseudometric and ultrametric
- The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement
- Open ball, closed ball and sphere in a metric space
- Open cover, subcover, compact metric space, and compact subset of a metric space
- Complete metric space: every Cauchy sequence converges in the space
- Cauchy sequence in a metric space
- Convergence of a sequence in a metric space: $x_k \to x$ iff $d(x_k, x) \to 0$ in $\mathbb{R}$
- The reverse triangle inequality $|d(x,z) - d(y,z)| \le d(x,y)$ in any metric space
- Nonnegativity of a metric is a consequence of the other axioms, not an axiom
- A compact metric space is complete and totally bounded, and neither implication uses any choice principle
- A closed subset of a compact metric space is compact
- A continuous bijection from a compact metric space onto a metric space carries open sets to open sets, so its inverse is continuous
- A Cauchy sequence in a metric space with a convergent subsequence converges to that subsequence’s limit
- Finite simplicial weak topology agrees with euclidean topology
- Upper bound, least upper bound, and strict upper bound
Used by
- A locally finite shrinking-edge ray is not complete Counterexample
- The Coxeter nerve and its Moussong metric Definition
- An interval-realized tree and its discrete vertex metric Example
- Intervals and metric trees are CAT(0) Example
- The hexagonal A₂ cell: Euclidean cell metric versus graph distance Example
- Gram realisations, radial normalisation, finite spherical complexes and link Gram formulas Lemma
- Length in a metric target: lower semicontinuity and arc-length reparametrization Lemma
- Berestovskii's cone criterion and the polyhedral link criterion Theorem
- The cellulation of the Davis complex: incidence, stabilizers and the model U(W,K) Theorem
- The cone and join metrics and the local product chart of a polyhedral gluing Theorem
- The Davis complex of a finite-rank Coxeter system is CAT(0) (Moussong's theorem) Theorem
- Under the Axiom of Choice, proper polyhedral spaces admit minimizing geodesics Theorem
Cited to discharge well-definedness by Abstract isometric polyhedral gluings and the chain metric.
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Martin R. Bridson and André Haefliger, Metric Spaces of Non-Positive Curvature (Springer Grundlehren 319, 1999; author-hosted PDF) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Michael W. Davis, The Geometry and Topology of Coxeter Groups (first-edition author manuscript, 2007-2008) (standard reference, not scraped)