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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passjudge pass (z-ai/glm-5.2)audited 2026-07-31
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A space is completely normal if and only if every subspace is normal

Statement

A space is completely normal if and only if every one of its subspaces is normal. Equivalently, complete normality is exactly hereditary normality.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A space XX and the definitions of complete normality, normality, separated sets, and subspace topology.

[F1]

Completely normal means that separated subsets have disjoint open neighbourhoods; normal means the same assertion for disjoint closed subsets (Completely normal (T5T_5) and perfectly normal (T6T_6) spaces, Normal spaces and T4T_4 spaces, with the source disagreement over whether normality includes T1T_1 stated explicitly).

[F2]

Disjoint closed subsets are separated, and separation is unchanged on passing to a subspace (Separated sets: AB=AB=\overline{A} \cap B = A \cap \overline{B} = \varnothing).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Suppose XX is completely normal, let SXS\subseteq X, and let A,BA,B be disjoint closed subsets of SS. By [F2] they are separated in XX, so ambient disjoint open sets containing them trace to disjoint open sets of SS. Thus SS is normal.

F1F2F3
1.2

Conversely suppose every subspace of XX is normal, and let A,BXA,B\subseteq X be separated. Put Y=X((AA)(BB))Y=X\setminus((\overline A\setminus A)\cup(\overline B\setminus B)); separation ensures that A,BYA,B\subseteq Y, and they are disjoint closed subsets of YY.

F2
2.1

Normality of YY gives disjoint open U,VYU,V\subseteq Y containing A,BA,B. Write U=GYU=G\cap Y and V=HYV=H\cap Y with G,HG,H open in XX; then GHG\cap H is contained in (AA)(BB)(\overline A\setminus A)\cup(\overline B\setminus B).

F3step 1.2
3.1

The open sets GBG\setminus\overline B and HAH\setminus\overline A contain AA and BB respectively, and are disjoint: a point of their intersection would lie in GHG\cap H but in neither of the two displayed closure differences.

F2step 2.1
4.1

Hence every separated pair in XX has disjoint open neighbourhoods, so XX is completely normal.

F1step 3.1

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · next 3 levels

Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 40 results over 13 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.

Sources