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A space is completely normal if and only if every subspace is normal
Statement
A space is completely normal if and only if every one of its subspaces is normal. Equivalently, complete normality is exactly hereditary normality.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A space and the definitions of complete normality, normality, separated sets, and subspace topology.
Completely normal means that separated subsets have disjoint open neighbourhoods; normal means the same assertion for disjoint closed subsets (Completely normal () and perfectly normal () spaces, Normal spaces and spaces, with the source disagreement over whether normality includes stated explicitly).
Disjoint closed subsets are separated, and separation is unchanged on passing to a subspace (Separated sets: ).
Open subsets of a subspace are traces of ambient open sets (Subspace topology: the traces of the open sets, its closed sets and its bases, the continuity of the inclusion, and the characteristic property of a map into a subspace).
Proof
Suppose is completely normal, let , and let be disjoint closed subsets of . By [F2] they are separated in , so ambient disjoint open sets containing them trace to disjoint open sets of . Thus is normal.
Conversely suppose every subspace of is normal, and let be separated. Put ; separation ensures that , and they are disjoint closed subsets of .
Normality of gives disjoint open containing . Write and with open in ; then is contained in .
The open sets and contain and respectively, and are disjoint: a point of their intersection would lie in but in neither of the two displayed closure differences.
Hence every separated pair in has disjoint open neighbourhoods, so is completely normal.
Depends on
- Completely normal ($T_5$) and perfectly normal ($T_6$) spaces
- Separated sets: $\overline{A} \cap B = A \cap \overline{B} = \varnothing$
- Normal spaces and $T_4$ spaces, with the source disagreement over whether normality includes $T_1$ stated explicitly
- Subspace topology: the traces of the open sets, its closed sets and its bases, the continuity of the inclusion, and the characteristic property of a map into a subspace
- Hereditary, open-hereditary and closed-hereditary properties of topological spaces
Used by
Dependency tree · next 3 levels
Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 40 results over 13 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- S. Willard, General Topology, §15 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Normal space (Wikipedia) (standard reference, not scraped)