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Radial drift gives weighted geometric contraction of Langevin diffusion

Statement

Assume AC and the smoothness, minimizer, normalization and radial hypotheses of Exponential Lyapunov drift for the formal Langevin generator. Suppose Z=∫e−U(x)dx∈(0,∞) and put π(dx)=Z−1e−U(x)dx. For 0<s<1, write Hs=esU and let as=sdL and bs=βs be the constants in that lemma. The Langevin semigroup of Langevin diffusion has a reversible density and compact minorization satisfies PtHs(x)≤e−astHs(x)+bsas(1−e−ast),πHs<∞. There are Cs<∞ and vs>0, depending on the potential and s, such that for any probability measures μ,ν with finite Hs moments and any t≥0, ∥μPt−νPt∥Hs≤Cse−vst∥μ−ν∥Hs. The norm is Weighted total variation for probability measures.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, U, its constants, the semigroup, and s∈(0,1) in the Statement.

[A1]

AC is inherited through the stochastic and Hahn/Jordan interfaces. The Axiom of Choice

[F1]

The Langevin equation has a Borel Markov semigroup, invariant target π, and one-step minorization on every compact ball for every fixed positive time. Langevin diffusion has a reversible density and compact minorization

[F2]

For Hs=esU the formal generator satisfies LUHs≤−asHs+bs1{∥x−x⋆∥≤Ks}, with as>0 and finite bs. Exponential Lyapunov drift for the formal Langevin generator

[F3]

Radial drift gives U(x)≥c∥x−x⋆∥α−C for c>0. Consequently every sublevel set of Hs is contained in a finite-radius ball. Radial gradient drift forces potential coercivity

[F4]

Ito's formula applies to the solution; after stopping in a compact ball its stochastic integral is square-integrable and has mean zero. Multidimensional Ito formula for Brownian-driven processes Stopping an Ito integral Ito isometry and linearity in predictable L2

[F5]

Fatou passes nonnegative stopped estimates to the unstopped limit; Tonelli integrates the resulting nonnegative kernel bounds over initial laws. Fatou's lemma Tonelli's theorem for nonnegative measurable functions on a sigma-finite product

[F6]

Global geometric drift and a common minorization on one sufficiently large weight-sublevel set give a unique invariant probability, finite weight moment, and geometric contraction in that weighted norm. Uniqueness holds among all invariant probabilities. Global drift and one-step minorization give weighted contraction and a unique invariant law

Proof

Given: The hypotheses in the Statement.

1.1A1F1F2F4F5algebra

Fix a deterministic starting point x and horizon t. Stop the continuous solution at its first exit τn from the radius-n ball about x⋆, taking n>∥x−x⋆∥. Apply [F4] to easuHs(Xu) up to t∧τn. Its drift is at most bseasu by [F2]. Its stochastic integrand is bounded on this stopped finite cylinder, so its expectation is zero. Hence Ex[eas(t∧τn)Hs(Xt∧τn)]≤Hs(x)+bsas(east−1). The globally defined continuous paths in [F1] are bounded on [0,t], so τn>t eventually on each such path. Fatou [F5] and division by east give the claimed semigroup moment bound.

2.1F1F3F6step 1.1

In particular P1Hs≤aHs+b with a=e−as∈(0,1) and b=(bs/as)(1−e−as)<∞. Any sufficiently large level set {Hs≤R} is contained in a ball by [F3], and inherits the common minorization for P1 from [F1]. The weighted drift-minorization result [F6] therefore gives an invariant law ξs with finite Hs moment and constants Ms<∞, rs∈(0,1) such that ∥μPn−νPn∥Hs≤Msrsn∥μ−ν∥Hs(n∈N). Since [F1] already makes π invariant and [F6] gives uniqueness among every invariant probability, ξs=π and πHs<∞.

3.1F5F6step 1.1step 2.1algebra∎

For 0≤u<1, step 1.1 gives PuHs≤Hs+bs/as≤(1+bs/as)Hs, since Hs≥1. For every Borel f with ∣f∣≤Hs, therefore ∣Puf∣≤(1+bs/as)Hs. Taking the test-function supremum shows ∥μPu−νPu∥Hs≤(1+bs/as)∥μ−ν∥Hs. All integrals are finite by step 1.1 and [F5]. Write t=n+u with n=⌊t⌋ and apply this estimate after the integer contraction in step 2.1. With vs=−log⁡rs>0 and Cs=Ms(1+bs/as)rs−1, the result follows from rsn≤rs−1e−vst. This includes t=0 and all stated finite-moment initial laws.

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