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Radial drift gives weighted geometric contraction of Langevin diffusion
Statement
Assume AC and the smoothness, minimizer, normalization and radial hypotheses of Exponential Lyapunov drift for the formal Langevin generator. Suppose and put . For , write and let and be the constants in that lemma. The Langevin semigroup of Langevin diffusion has a reversible density and compact minorization satisfies There are and , depending on the potential and , such that for any probability measures with finite moments and any , The norm is Weighted total variation for probability measures.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, , its constants, the semigroup, and in the Statement.
AC is inherited through the stochastic and Hahn/Jordan interfaces. The Axiom of Choice
The Langevin equation has a Borel Markov semigroup, invariant target , and one-step minorization on every compact ball for every fixed positive time. Langevin diffusion has a reversible density and compact minorization
For the formal generator satisfies , with and finite . Exponential Lyapunov drift for the formal Langevin generator
Radial drift gives for . Consequently every sublevel set of is contained in a finite-radius ball. Radial gradient drift forces potential coercivity
Ito's formula applies to the solution; after stopping in a compact ball its stochastic integral is square-integrable and has mean zero. Multidimensional Ito formula for Brownian-driven processes Stopping an Ito integral Ito isometry and linearity in predictable L2
Fatou passes nonnegative stopped estimates to the unstopped limit; Tonelli integrates the resulting nonnegative kernel bounds over initial laws. Fatou's lemma Tonelli's theorem for nonnegative measurable functions on a sigma-finite product
Global geometric drift and a common minorization on one sufficiently large weight-sublevel set give a unique invariant probability, finite weight moment, and geometric contraction in that weighted norm. Uniqueness holds among all invariant probabilities. Global drift and one-step minorization give weighted contraction and a unique invariant law
Proof
Given: The hypotheses in the Statement.
Fix a deterministic starting point and horizon . Stop the continuous solution at its first exit from the radius- ball about , taking . Apply [F4] to up to . Its drift is at most by [F2]. Its stochastic integrand is bounded on this stopped finite cylinder, so its expectation is zero. Hence The globally defined continuous paths in [F1] are bounded on , so eventually on each such path. Fatou [F5] and division by give the claimed semigroup moment bound.
In particular with and . Any sufficiently large level set is contained in a ball by [F3], and inherits the common minorization for from [F1]. The weighted drift-minorization result [F6] therefore gives an invariant law with finite moment and constants , such that Since [F1] already makes invariant and [F6] gives uniqueness among every invariant probability, and .
For , step 1.1 gives , since . For every Borel with , therefore . Taking the test-function supremum shows All integrals are finite by step 1.1 and [F5]. Write with and apply this estimate after the integer contraction in step 2.1. With and , the result follows from . This includes and all stated finite-moment initial laws.
Depends on
- The Axiom of Choice
- Weighted total variation for probability measures
- Langevin diffusion has a reversible density and compact minorization
- Exponential Lyapunov drift for the formal Langevin generator
- Radial gradient drift forces potential coercivity
- Global drift and one-step minorization give weighted contraction and a unique invariant law
- Multidimensional Ito formula for Brownian-driven processes
- Stopping an Ito integral
- Ito isometry and linearity in predictable L2
- Fatou's lemma
- Tonelli's theorem for nonnegative measurable functions on a sigma-finite product
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