Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passaudited 2026-08-13 rests on unproved material (inherited)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Rests on 3 statements not proved in this library, by way of the results it cites. This item cites no such statement directly; it depends on results that do. The unproved premises it inherits are Cohen's first model: an infinite Dedekind-finite set of reals, Sierpiński 1947: the generalised continuum hypothesis implies the Axiom of Choice and The continuum hypothesis and its generalisation are independent of ZFC. Each is recorded with a citation to the literature and is not established here, because the track that would prove it has not yet been developed in this library. Everything else in this proof is proved here.

For small source and index categories, chosen target limits and colimits compute the corresponding functor-category limits and colimits pointwise

Statement

Let A and J be small and let D:J[A,C]. If each diagram jD(j)(a) has a chosen limit, these limits form a limit of D in the functor category. The dual statement holds pointwise for chosen colimits.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The two small categories, the diagram D, and a chosen limiting cone (L(a),λja) at every aA.

[F1]

The functor category has functors as objects and natural transformations as morphisms; the small-source hypotheses ensure the stated size control (Functor category [C,D], If C is small and D is locally small then [C,D] is locally small; if both are small it is small).

[L1]

Chosen limits act functorially on natural transformations (Chosen limits and colimits of a fixed small shape assemble into limit and colimit functors).

[F3]

Choice selects an element from every set in a family of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Choice).

Proof

technique · pointwise construction
1.1

For h:ab, the maps D(j)(h):D(j)(a)D(j)(b) form a natural transformation of J-diagrams. By [L1] they induce L(h):L(a)L(b) with λjbL(h)=D(j)(h)λja.

F1L1
1.2

Given a cone ξ:XD in the functor category, pointwise universality gives a unique ua:X(a)L(a) with λjaua=ξj,a. For h:ab, naturality of ξj makes L(h)ua and ubX(h) equal after every λjb; [L2] makes them equal. Thus the ua form a natural transformation u:XL.

F1F2L2
2.1

Identity and composition for L follow either from [L1] or by composing with every λja and applying [L2]. Thus L:AC is a functor, and the displayed equations say each λj:LD(j) is natural.

F1L1L2step 1.1
2.2

The transformation u factors the cone componentwise. Any other factor has the same component at every a by pointwise uniqueness, hence equals u. By [F2], (L,λ) is a limit in the functor category.

F1F2step 1.2
3.1

If only existence, rather than chosen limits, is assumed, [F3] selects the pointwise cones over the set of objects of the small category A. Reversing the whole construction by [L3] proves the colimit assertion.

F3L3step 1.1step 2.1step 1.2step 2.2

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · next 3 levels

Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 31 results over 11 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.

Sources