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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-13
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For small source and index categories, chosen target limits and colimits compute the corresponding functor-category limits and colimits pointwise

Statement

Let A and J be small and let D:J→[A,C]. If each diagram j↦D(j)(a) has a chosen limit, these limits form a limit of D in the functor category. The dual statement holds pointwise for chosen colimits.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The two small categories, the diagram D, and a chosen limiting cone (L(a),λja) at every a∈A.

[F1]

The functor category has functors as objects and natural transformations as morphisms; the small-source hypotheses ensure the stated size control (Functor category [C,D], If C is small and D is locally small then [C,D] is locally small; if both are small it is small).

[L1]

Chosen limits act functorially on natural transformations (Chosen limits and colimits of a fixed small shape assemble into limit and colimit functors).

[F3]

Choice selects an element from every set in a family of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Choice).

Proof

technique · pointwise construction
1.1

For h:a→b, the maps D(j)(h):D(j)(a)→D(j)(b) form a natural transformation of J-diagrams. By [L1] they induce L(h):L(a)→L(b) with λjbL(h)=D(j)(h)λja.

F1L1
1.2

Given a cone ξ:X⇒D in the functor category, pointwise universality gives a unique ua:X(a)→L(a) with λjaua=ξj,a. For h:a→b, naturality of ξj makes L(h)ua and ubX(h) equal after every λjb; [L2] makes them equal. Thus the ua form a natural transformation u:X⇒L.

F1F2L2
2.1

Identity and composition for L follow either from [L1] or by composing with every λja and applying [L2]. Thus L:A→C is a functor, and the displayed equations say each λj:L⇒D(j) is natural.

F1L1L2step 1.1
2.2

The transformation u factors the cone componentwise. Any other factor has the same component at every a by pointwise uniqueness, hence equals u. By [F2], (L,λ) is a limit in the functor category.

F1F2step 1.2
3.1

If only existence, rather than chosen limits, is assumed, [F3] selects the pointwise cones over the set of objects of the small category A. Reversing the whole construction by [L3] proves the colimit assertion.

F3L3step 1.1step 2.1step 1.2step 2.2∎

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources