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For an -finite module over a local map, flatness modulo and injectivity of imply flatness
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice.
Let be a local homomorphism of Noetherian local rings, let be an ideal, and let be a finite -module that is also finitely generated as an -module. Assume:
- is flat over ;
- the multiplication map is injective.
Then is flat over .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Choice, a local map of Noetherian local rings , a proper ideal , and a finite -module that is finitely generated as an -module and satisfies the two hypotheses.
The equational criterion characterizes flatness by lifting finite relations on generators (The equational criterion characterizes flat modules by lifting finite relations on generators).
For a finite module over a local ring, lifts of generators modulo the maximal ideal generate the module under the assumed Choice boundary (Assuming the Axiom of Choice, generators modulo an ideal in the Jacobson radical lift to generators).
Over a Noetherian ring, kernels of maps from finite free modules to finite modules are finitely generated (Over a Noetherian ring a module is Noetherian exactly when it is finitely generated, exactly when it is finitely presented).
Tensor products are right exact, and for every ideal and integer (Tensoring is right exact, The regular module is a tensor unit: and ).
If is a finite module over a local ring and , then (Assuming the Axiom of Choice, Nakayama's lemma).
Proof
Let be the maximal ideal of . We first prove that the multiplication map is injective. Take an element in its kernel, so and . Reducing modulo , the module is flat over , so [L1] applied over yields elements and coefficients with Choose lifts and . Then and for every . Writing each as a finite sum of terms with , one sees that is the image in of an element of whose product in is also . Hypothesis 2 makes that element zero, hence .
Let . Choose elements whose images form a -basis of . By [L2], these elements generate , so they define a surjection Let . Because is Noetherian, [L3] makes finitely generated.
Tensoring the exact sequence with the ideal gives an exact sequence by [L4]. Step 1.1 identifies with its image , and [L4] identifies with . Under these identifications, the kernel of is exactly , while the image of is . Therefore
The induced map sends the standard basis of to the chosen basis from step 1.2, so it is an isomorphism. Its kernel is by step 2.1. Hence , so . Now [L5] gives . Therefore is an isomorphism, is free, and in particular is flat over .
Thus is flat over .
Depends on
- The equational criterion characterizes flat modules by lifting finite relations on generators
- Assuming the Axiom of Choice, generators modulo an ideal in the Jacobson radical lift to generators
- Assuming the Axiom of Choice, Nakayama's lemma
- Over a Noetherian ring a module is Noetherian exactly when it is finitely generated, exactly when it is finitely presented
- Tensoring is right exact
- The regular module is a tensor unit: $R\otimes_RN\cong N$ and $M\otimes_RR\cong M$
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
27 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Stacks Project, Lemma 10.99.10 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Stacks Project, Lemma 10.99.7 (standard reference, not scraped)