Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-16
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  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
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Tensoring is right exact

Statement

Let R be a commutative ring, let

A→fB→gC⟶0

be an exact sequence of R-modules, and let N be an R-module. Then

A⊗RN→f⊗1B⊗RN→g⊗1C⊗RN⟶0

is exact. Thus tensoring preserves cokernels and surjections, but no injectivity at the left is asserted.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: An exact sequence A→fB→gC→0 and an R-module N over a commutative ring R.

[L1]

Exactness means that g is surjective and im⁡f=ker⁡g (Exact sequences and short exact sequences of modules).

[L2]

Module homomorphisms induce tensor homomorphisms with (f⊗1)(a⊗n)=f(a)⊗n and functorial composition (Module homomorphisms induce tensor-product homomorphisms functorially).

[L3]

Balanced pairings induce unique homomorphisms from tensor products (Universal property of the tensor product for balanced maps into abelian groups).

[L4]

An elementary-tensor formula descends exactly when the corresponding pairing is balanced (A formula on elementary tensors defines a homomorphism exactly when its underlying pairing is balanced).

[L5]

For a submodule K≤X, the quotient module X/K has cosets x+K and its induced scalar action (Quotient module M/N with scalar multiplication on additive cosets).

[L6]

A module homomorphism that kills K factors uniquely through X/K (A module homomorphism vanishing on N factors uniquely through M/N).

[L7]

Tensor products over R carry the scalar action r(x⊗n)=(rx)⊗n (Over a commutative ring, M⊗RN is an R-module with r(m⊗n)=(rm)⊗n=m⊗(rn)).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenL1L2L8choose

The map g⊗1 is surjective: by [L8], every tensor is a finite sum of elementary tensors c⊗n, and [L1] supplies b∈B with g(b)=c, so c⊗n=(g⊗1)(b⊗n).

1.2L1L2

Functoriality gives (g⊗1)(f⊗1)=(gf)⊗1=0, so im⁡(f⊗1)⊆ker⁡(g⊗1).

2.1step 1.2L2L5L6L7

Let Q=(B⊗RN)/im⁡(f⊗1). The image is a submodule because [L2] and [L7] make f⊗1 R-linear. Since g⊗1 kills it, [L6] gives g‾:Q→C⊗RN.

3.1L1step 2.1choose

For c∈C and n∈N, choose any b∈B with g(b)=c and set q(c,n)=[b⊗n]∈Q. If b′ is another lift, then b−b′∈ker⁡g=im⁡f by [L1], so [b⊗n]=[b′⊗n]; hence q is well defined.

4.1step 3.1L3L4L7

The function q:C×N→Q is bilinear: lifts of sums may be taken as sums of lifts, scalar multiples as scalar multiples, and the tensor relations give the required equalities. By [L3] and [L4] it induces h:C⊗RN→Q.

5.1step 2.1step 3.1step 4.1L3

For b⊗n, one has hg‾([b⊗n])=h(g(b)⊗n)=[b⊗n], while for c⊗n and a lift b one has g‾h(c⊗n)=g‾([b⊗n])=c⊗n; generators and uniqueness make h and g‾ inverse.

6.1step 1.1step 2.1step 5.1∎

Since g‾ is an isomorphism, the kernel of g⊗1 is exactly the submodule quotiented out in step 2.1, namely im⁡(f⊗1). Together with step 1.1, this is right exactness.

Depends on

Used by

…and 16 more results.

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources