Alphabeta Math
CorollaryStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-16
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M⊗RR/I≅M/IM naturally

Statement

Let R be a commutative ring, I⊴R an ideal, and M an R-module. There is a natural R-module isomorphism

M⊗R(R/I)≅M/IM,m⊗(r+I)⟼rm+IM.

Both sides also carry the induced R/I-module structure, and the isomorphism is R/I-linear. For I=0 it is the tensor-unit isomorphism, while for I=R both sides are zero.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A commutative ring R, an ideal I, and an R-module M.

[L1]

Tensoring an exact sequence ending in zero preserves exactness at the two rightmost terms (Tensoring is right exact).

[L2]
[L3]
[L4]

The quotient module M/IM consists of cosets with the induced scalar action (Quotient module M/N with scalar multiplication on additive cosets).

[L5]

A homomorphism that kills a submodule factors uniquely through the quotient module (A module homomorphism vanishing on N factors uniquely through M/N).

[L6]

Over a commutative ring the natural symmetry σA,B:A⊗RB→B⊗RA, a⊗b↦b⊗a, is an isomorphism (Symmetry and associativity isomorphisms for tensor products over a commutative ring).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenL1L6

The sequence I→R→R/I→0 is exact. Tensoring on the right by M and applying [L1] gives the exact sequence I⊗RM→R⊗RM→(R/I)⊗RM→0. The symmetry isomorphisms of [L6] carry it termwise to M⊗RI→M⊗RR→M⊗R(R/I)→0, and since σ commutes with the induced maps on elementary tensors, that sequence is exact too.

2.1step 1.1L2L3

Under [L2], the image of M⊗RI→M⊗RR≅M consists exactly of finite sums im, hence is IM by [L3].

3.1step 1.1step 2.1L4L5

Exactness in step 1.1 identifies M⊗R(R/I) with the cokernel of the first map, which by step 2.1 is M/IM; [L5] gives the resulting isomorphism.

4.1step 3.1L3L4algebra

Tracing m⊗(r+I) through the quotient gives rm+IM. Multiplication by an element of I acts as zero on both sides, so the map and its inverse are R/I-linear.

5.1step 4.1L2L3L4

If I=0, step 4.1 is [L2]. If I=R, then [L3] gives IM=M and R/I=0, so both sides are zero.

6.1step 3.1step 4.1step 5.1∎

This proves the natural R-linear and R/I-linear isomorphism in every boundary case.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources