How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
naturally
Statement
Let be a commutative ring, an ideal, and an -module. There is a natural -module isomorphism
Both sides also carry the induced -module structure, and the isomorphism is -linear. For it is the tensor-unit isomorphism, while for both sides are zero.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A commutative ring , an ideal , and an -module .
Tensoring an exact sequence ending in zero preserves exactness at the two rightmost terms (Tensoring is right exact).
The tensor-unit isomorphism sends to (The regular module is a tensor unit: and ).
The submodule consists of finite sums of products (The submodule generated by products of elements of an ideal with elements of a module ).
The quotient module consists of cosets with the induced scalar action (Quotient module with scalar multiplication on additive cosets).
A homomorphism that kills a submodule factors uniquely through the quotient module (A module homomorphism vanishing on factors uniquely through ).
Over a commutative ring the natural symmetry , , is an isomorphism (Symmetry and associativity isomorphisms for tensor products over a commutative ring).
Proof
The sequence is exact. Tensoring on the right by and applying [L1] gives the exact sequence . The symmetry isomorphisms of [L6] carry it termwise to , and since commutes with the induced maps on elementary tensors, that sequence is exact too.
Under [L2], the image of consists exactly of finite sums , hence is by [L3].
Exactness in step 1.1 identifies with the cokernel of the first map, which by step 2.1 is ; [L5] gives the resulting isomorphism.
Tracing through the quotient gives . Multiplication by an element of acts as zero on both sides, so the map and its inverse are -linear.
If , step 4.1 is [L2]. If , then [L3] gives and , so both sides are zero.
This proves the natural -linear and -linear isomorphism in every boundary case.
Depends on
- Tensoring is right exact
- The regular module is a tensor unit: $R\otimes_RN\cong N$ and $M\otimes_RR\cong M$
- The submodule $IM$ generated by products of elements of an ideal $I$ with elements of a module $M$
- Quotient module $M/N$ with scalar multiplication on additive cosets
- A module homomorphism vanishing on $N$ factors uniquely through $M/N$
- Symmetry and associativity isomorphisms for tensor products over a commutative ring
Used by
- For flat M, one has IM∩ JM=(I∩ J)M Corollary
- Global functions on geometrically connected and geometrically reduced proper schemes Corollary
- If R/I is flat then I = I², and for finitely generated I this is equivalent to generation by an idempotent Corollary
- Unramified of finite presentation does not imply flat or etale Counterexample
- Quasi-finiteness at a prime of a finite-type algebra Definition
- (R/I)⊗_R(R/J)≅ R/(I+J) for ideals of a commutative ring Example
- Localising cyclic abelian groups and Q/Z at a prime Example
- ℚ⊗_ℤℤ/n=0 for every positive n Example
- Tensoring the injection k[x] →(· x) k[x] with k[x]/(x) gives the zero map Example
- The square-root standard etale chart Example
- False: ℤ/m⊗_ℤℤ/n is nonzero for all positive m,n False statement
- A flat local map splits regular sequences into base and fibre parts Lemma
- A transverse hyperplane slice is smooth at the chosen point Lemma
- Closed immersions are affine quotients and survive base change Lemma
- Presentations and localization under base extension Lemma
- Quasi-finite local fibres transfer through quotients and intermediate rings Lemma
- Unramified residue extensions are finite separable Lemma
- Étale equals flat and unramified in finite presentation Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
20 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- H. Miller, Lectures on Algebraic Topology I, Sections 20-21 (standard reference, not scraped)
- W. Li, Commutative Algebra, Lectures 9-10 (standard reference, not scraped)