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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: Literature-sourcedprecheck passverified 2026-09-23 (gpt-6-sol)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Assuming the Axiom of Choice, Nakayama's lemma

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice.

Let R be a commutative ring, let I⊴R satisfy I⊆J(R), and let M be a finitely generated left R-module. If IM=M, then M=0.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice), a commutative ring R, an ideal I⊴R with I⊆J(R), and a finitely generated left R-module M with IM=M.

[L1]

Under AC, an element x lies in J(R) exactly when 1−rx is a unit for every r∈R (Assuming the Axiom of Choice, an element lies in the Jacobson radical exactly when one minus any multiple is a unit). This is the only use of AC in the proof.

[L2]

If IM=M for finite M, then (1−a)M=0 for some a∈I (Determinant trick for Nakayama).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L2givenchoose

By [L2], choose a∈I with (1−a)M=0. Since a∈I⊆J(R), [L1] makes 1−a a unit.

2.1step 1.1algebra∎

Multiplying the equality (1−a)m=0 by (1−a)−1 shows m=0 for every m∈M. Therefore M=0.

Depends on

Used by

…and 22 more results.

Dependency tree · two levels

12 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources