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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-31
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The preimage theorem for submanifolds under submersions

Statement

Let F:M→N be a smooth submersion and let S⊆N be an embedded submanifold of codimension c. Then F−1(S) is an embedded submanifold of M of codimension c. For each p∈F−1(S),

Tp(F−1(S))=(dFp)−1(TF(p)S).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A smooth submersion F:M→N and an embedded codimension-c submanifold S⊆N.

[L1]

Embedded submanifolds admit local defining submersions (Embedded submanifolds admit local defining submersions).

[L2]

A regular level set is an embedded submanifold (A regular level set is an embedded submanifold).

[L3]

The tangent space of a regular level set is the kernel of the defining differential (The tangent space of a regular level set is the kernel).

[L4]

Composites of smooth maps are smooth (Identity maps and composites of smooth maps are smooth).

[L5]

Differentials satisfy the chain rule (The chain rule for differentials of smooth maps).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L4L5givenconstruct

Fix p∈F−1(S) and put y:=F(p). By [L1], there is a neighbourhood V of y and a local defining submersion Φ:V→Rc for S at y. Shrink to an open neighbourhood U of p with F(U)⊆V, and set H:=Φ∘F:U→Rc. By [L4], H is smooth, and H−1(0)=U∩F−1(S). For every x∈U, [L5] gives dHx=dΦF(x)∘dFx; both factors are surjective because F and Φ are submersions, so dHx is surjective. Thus 0 is a regular value of H.

2.1L2step 1.1

By [L2], U∩F−1(S) is an embedded codimension-c submanifold near p. Since p was arbitrary, F−1(S) is embedded of codimension c.

2.2L3L5step 1.1

Applying [L3] to the regular level set of H gives Tp(F−1(S))=ker⁡dHp. By [L5], ker⁡dHp=ker⁡(dΦy∘dFp)=(dFp)−1(ker⁡dΦy). Applying [L3] again to the regular level set Φ−1(0)=V∩S at y gives ker⁡dΦy=TyS, so Tp(F−1(S))=(dFp)−1(TyS).

3.1step 2.1step 2.2∎

Steps 2.1 and 2.2 prove the theorem.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources