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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passaudited 2026-08-28
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A pure blockade with a cograph pattern has additive kappa

Statement

Let B=(B1,,Bt) be a pure blockade in a graph G whose pattern graph is a cograph. Then

κ(G[V(B)])i=1tκ(G[Bi]).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A pure blockade B=(B1,,Bt) in a graph G, with pattern graph P a cograph.

[L1]

Every induced subgraph of a cograph is a cograph (Every induced subgraph of a cograph is a cograph).

[L2]

Every nontrivial cograph is disconnected or has disconnected complement (Every nontrivial cograph is disconnected or has disconnected complement).

[L3]

Distinct connected components are anticomplete, and distinct anticomponents are complete (Distinct connected components are anticomplete, and distinct anticonnected components are complete).

[L4]

In the pattern graph, two indices are adjacent exactly when the corresponding two blocks are complete (The pattern graph of a pure blockade).

Proof

technique · induction on the number $t$ of blocks
1.1

We argue by induction on t. If t=1, then V(B)=B1, so κ(G[V(B)])=κ(G[B1]), and the claim is immediate.

givenbase
1.2

Assume now that t>1 and that the theorem is known for shorter pure blockades with cograph pattern. By [L2], the cograph P is disconnected or its complement is disconnected. Choose either a connected component I of P in the first case, or an anticomponent I of P in the second case, and let J:=[t]I. Then I and J are nonempty. Put U:=iIBi,W:=jJBj,V:=UW=V(B).

L2chooseih
2.1

The induced pattern subgraphs P[I] and P[J] are cographs by [L1]. If I is a component, then [L3] and [L4] make U anticomplete to W; if I is an anticomponent, then [L3] and [L4] make U complete to W.

step 1.2L1L3L4
3.1

Applying the induction hypothesis to the subblockades indexed by I and J gives κ(G[U])iIκ(G[Bi]),κ(G[W])jJκ(G[Bj]).

step 1.2step 2.1ih
3.2

If U is anticomplete to W, then a stable set in G[U] together with a stable set in G[W] is stable in G[V], while every clique in G[V] lies in one side. Thus α(G[V])α(G[U])+α(G[W]),ω(G[V])max{ω(G[U]),ω(G[W])}, and [L5] yields κ(G[V])κ(G[U])+κ(G[W]). If U is complete to W, the same reasoning with cliques and stable sets exchanged again gives κ(G[V])κ(G[U])+κ(G[W]).

step 2.1L5
4.1

Combining steps 3.1 and 3.2 gives κ(G[V(B)])=κ(G[V])i=1tκ(G[Bi]). Together with step 1.1, this closes the induction.

step 1.1step 3.1step 3.2discharge-induction

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