How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
A connected covering is regular exactly when its induced subgroup is normal, exactly when deck transformations act transitively on a fibre
Statement
Let be a covering with path-connected total space and path-connected locally path-connected base. Put
The following are equivalent:
- is regular (Regular coverings);
- ;
- acts transitively on the fibre .
No finiteness hypothesis is imposed on the fibre or on the index of .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The connected based covering and groups in the Statement.
The subgroup at the endpoint of a lifted loop is (Changing the point over a fixed basepoint conjugates the induced covering subgroup).
A deck transformation sends to exactly when (Deck transformations of a connected covering correspond to cosets in the subgroup normalizer).
A subgroup is normal exactly when it is preserved under conjugation by every group element (Equivalent characterisations of a normal subgroup by conjugates and left and right cosets).
In a path-connected covering, the right-monodromy orbit through a fibre point is the whole fibre (Monodromy acts by fibre bijections, and its orbits are the intersections of path components with the fibre).
A path has a unique lift from each prescribed point over its initial point (Existence and uniqueness of path lifts through a covering map).
Proof
By [F2], every point of has the form for some , and [L1] records the subgroup at that point.
By [L2], a deck transformation reaches from exactly when normalizes . Hence the deck action on is transitive exactly when , which by [F1] is exactly when . This proves the equivalence of clauses 2 and 3.
For the implication from normality to regularity, clause 2 gives clause 3 by step 2.1. Let lie over an arbitrary , choose a path from to , and lift it from to points over . Clause 3 gives a deck transformation with . Applying to the reverse lift from produces a lift from , so uniqueness in [F3] gives . Thus the deck group is transitive on every fibre and the covering is regular.
For the converse implication from regularity, the definition makes the deck action transitive on , so clause 3 holds. Step 2.1 then gives , and [F1] gives . Thus clauses 1, 2, and 3 are equivalent.
Depends on
- Regular coverings
- Changing the point over a fixed basepoint conjugates the induced covering subgroup
- Deck transformations of a connected covering correspond to cosets in the subgroup normalizer
- Normal subgroup: invariance under conjugation
- Equivalent characterisations of a normal subgroup by conjugates and left and right cosets
- Monodromy acts by fibre bijections, and its orbits are the intersections of path components with the fibre
- Existence and uniqueness of path lifts through a covering map
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
27 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Proposition 1.39(a) (standard reference, not scraped)
- J. Peter May, A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology, Chapter 3, Section 7 (standard reference, not scraped)