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The Riemann xi function is entire of order one, real on the real axis, and symmetric under
Statement
Assume countable choice.
The function
extends to an entire function of order . It satisfies
and for every real .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable choice and the completed function on .
On , the xi function is (The Riemann xi function ).
The theta function is ; under countable choice it satisfies (The Jacobi theta function for , The Jacobi theta function satisfies ).
Stirling's formula gives uniformly on closed sectors away from the negative real axis (Stirling's formula for Gamma).
For , one has (The Riemann zeta function on the half-plane ).
If two entire functions agree on a set with an accumulation point, then they agree everywhere.
Proof
Split the Mellin integral [L3] at and apply the theta relation [L2] on . Changing variables gives For , [L2] gives , so the integral converges locally uniformly for all and is entire. The formula continues meromorphically with simple poles at and is invariant under , since its two integrand powers are exchanged. By [L1], therefore extends to an entire function and satisfies .
For real , the Dirichlet series in [L5] is a sum of positive real terms, so . The remaining factors in [L1] are also real there, hence for all . Therefore the entire functions and agree on , so [A1] makes them equal on all of . In particular is real for every real .
On the half-plane , [L5] gives . Applying [L4] to on that sector shows for some constant , hence [L1] gives By the symmetry from step 1.1, the same bound holds on . On the strip , the split formula in step 1.1 gives For and , both powers of have modulus at most , while decays exponentially in . Hence the integral is uniformly bounded on the strip, so there. Therefore the same exponential bound holds on all of , and has order at most .
Along the positive real axis, as by [L5], so [L1] and [L4] give Thus , which rules out order smaller than . Combining this with step 2.1 shows that has order exactly .
Depends on
- The Riemann xi function $\xi(s)=\tfrac12 s(s-1)\Lambda(s)$
- The Jacobi theta function $\theta(t)=\sum_{n\in\mathbb Z} e^{-\pi n^2 t}$ for $t>0$
- The Jacobi theta function satisfies $\theta(t)=t^{-1/2}\theta(1/t)$
- The completed zeta function has its Mellin-theta integral representation on $\operatorname{Re}s>1$
- Stirling's formula for Gamma
- The Riemann zeta function on the half-plane $\operatorname{Re}s>1$
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
29 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- K. Chandrasekharan, Lectures on the Riemann Zeta-Function, Lecture 13 §8, Theorems 1 and 3 (standard reference, not scraped)