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The Riemann zeta function extends meromorphically to the complex plane with its only pole at
Statement
There is a meromorphic function on , still denoted , that agrees with the Dirichlet series on . This continuation is holomorphic on and has a single simple pole at , of residue .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The completed function on .
On , zeta already has the fractional-part formula and only a simple residue-one pole at (For , zeta admits the fractional-part integral formula with a simple residue-one pole at ).
The theta transformation is (The Jacobi theta function satisfies ).
The symbol denotes (The completed zeta function ).
Gamma extends meromorphically to and has simple poles at the nonpositive integers (Meromorphic continuation of Gamma).
Gamma has no zeros on (Gamma has no zeros).
Two meromorphic functions on a connected domain that agree on a nonempty open subset agree everywhere on that domain.
Proof
On , split the integral in [L3] at . Using [L2] on and the change of variables gives
For , [L2] and the definition of give Hence the integral in step 1.1 converges absolutely and locally uniformly for every , because the powers of contribute only polynomial growth while the right-hand side decays exponentially. Therefore is entire, and step 1.1 shows that is meromorphic on with at most simple poles at and .
By [L5] and [L6], is entire, with a simple zero at and zeros only at the negative even integers. Thus is meromorphic on . On , [L4] makes . By [A1], this is the unique meromorphic continuation of zeta. The zero of cancels the pole of at , and no further poles are introduced at the negative even integers. Since [L1] already shows that zeta is holomorphic on away from , the only pole of the continuation is the simple residue-one pole at .
Depends on
- For $\operatorname{Re}s>0$, zeta admits the fractional-part integral formula with a simple residue-one pole at $1$
- The Jacobi theta function satisfies $\theta(t)=t^{-1/2}\theta(1/t)$
- The completed zeta function has its Mellin-theta integral representation on $\operatorname{Re}s>1$
- The completed zeta function $\Lambda(s)=\pi^{-s/2}\Gamma(s/2)\zeta(s)$
- Meromorphic continuation of Gamma
- Gamma has no zeros
Used by
- The functional equation gives ζ(0)=-1/2 without substituting into a zero-times-pole expression Example
- FALSE: the Riemann zeta function is entire False statement
- The analytic continuation of zeta is not the same object as the defining Dirichlet series outside Res>1 Remark
- The completed zeta function satisfies Λ(s)=Λ(1-s) Theorem
- The Riemann xi function is entire of order one, real on the real axis, and symmetric under s↦1-s Theorem
- The Riemann zeta function has the standard Bernoulli special values at the positive even and nonpositive integers Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
15 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Elias M. Stein and Rami Shakarchi, Complex Analysis, Theorem 2.4 (standard reference, not scraped)
- K. Chandrasekharan, Lectures on the Riemann Zeta-Function, Lecture 12 §7 (standard reference, not scraped)