Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-07
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serre normality criterion

Statement

For every commutative Noetherian ring R, including rings with zero divisors and the zero ring, R is normal if and only if it satisfies (R1) and (S2).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The objects and hypotheses in the statement. We work with the Axiom of Choice; cited dependent-choice and resolution-existence hypotheses are retained.

[F1]

normal noetherian ring: A commutative Noetherian ring R is normal if every prime localization Rp is an integrally closed domain. This is a local condition and does not require R itself to be a domain. The zero ring satisfies it vacuously. For a domain, integrally closed means that every element of its fraction field integral over it belongs to it.

[F2]

serre normality criterion two directions: A commutative Noetherian domain is normal if and only if it satisfies (R1) and (S2). Equivalently its integral closedness is characterized by these two conditions.

[F3]

serre r zero s one characterises reducedness: For a finite module M over a commutative Noetherian ring, (S1) is equivalent to every associated prime being minimal in SuppM. For the ring itself, this means no embedded associated primes. A commutative Noetherian ring is reduced if and only if it satisfies (R0) and (S1).

[F4]

reduced noetherian total fractions and normal components: For a reduced commutative Noetherian ring R with minimal primes p1,,ps, there is a canonical isomorphism Q(R)i=1sFrac(R/pi). The following are equivalent: R is normal; R is integrally closed in Q(R); and R is a finite product of normal domains. For R=0 this is the empty product.

[F5]

depth two excludes finite punctured extension: Let (R,m) be reduced Noetherian local with depthR2. If RBQ(R) is a finite intermediate ring and SuppR(B/R){m}, then B=R.

[F6]

one dimensional regular local rings are dvrs: A nonzero Noetherian local ring of dimension one is regular if and only if it is a discrete valuation ring. Fields are excluded from the term DVR.

[F7]

Valuation rings are integrally closed: Every valuation ring is an integrally closed domain.

[F8]

embedding dimension is minimal maximal ideal generator number: For a nonzero Noetherian local ring (R,m,k), edimR is the least number of generators of m.

[F9]

dimension at most embedding dimension: Every nonzero commutative Noetherian local ring R satisfies dimRedimR<.

Proof

1.1

If R is normal, each prime localization is a normal domain. The domain criterion gives the required depth bound there and regularity when its dimension is at most one. Thus R satisfies both conditions. The zero ring satisfies all three conditions vacuously.

F1F2
2.1

Conversely (R1) and (S2) imply (R0) and (S1), so R is reduced. Both conditions pass to prime localizations, since prime chains below a prime and successive localizations are unchanged. It is enough to prove that every reduced Noetherian local ring A satisfying them is a normal domain. Induct on its finite dimension d. For d1, (R1) makes A regular; in dimension zero its maximal ideal is zero by the generator formula, so it is a field; in dimension one it is a DVR, hence an integrally closed domain by the valuation theorem.

F3F6F7F8F9step 1.1
3.1

Let d2 and uQ(A) be integral over A. A monic equation shows B=A[u] is finite, generated by finitely many powers of u. For a nonmaximal prime p of A, the dimension of Ap is less than d (append the maximal ideal to any chain below p), so it is a normal domain by induction. A nonzerodivisor of A remains a nonzerodivisor after localization: clear denominators in the equation it kills. Thus Q(A)p embeds into Q(Ap). The image of u is integral and belongs to Ap, giving Bp=Ap.

step 2.1algebra
4.1

Therefore B/A is supported only at the maximal ideal. Since (S2) gives depth at least two, finite-extension rigidity implies B=A. Every integral element of Q(A) lies in A. The total-fraction component theorem now makes A a finite product of normal domains. A nonzero local ring has no idempotents except zero and one: one of e,1e is a unit, forcing the other to vanish. Thus the product has a single factor and A is a normal domain. This completes the local induction and hence the global converse.

F5F4step 3.1

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