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serre normality criterion
Statement
For every commutative Noetherian ring , including rings with zero divisors and the zero ring, is normal if and only if it satisfies and .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The objects and hypotheses in the statement. We work with the Axiom of Choice; cited dependent-choice and resolution-existence hypotheses are retained.
normal noetherian ring: A commutative Noetherian ring is normal if every prime localization is an integrally closed domain. This is a local condition and does not require itself to be a domain. The zero ring satisfies it vacuously. For a domain, integrally closed means that every element of its fraction field integral over it belongs to it.
serre normality criterion two directions: A commutative Noetherian domain is normal if and only if it satisfies and . Equivalently its integral closedness is characterized by these two conditions.
serre r zero s one characterises reducedness: For a finite module over a commutative Noetherian ring, is equivalent to every associated prime being minimal in . For the ring itself, this means no embedded associated primes. A commutative Noetherian ring is reduced if and only if it satisfies and .
reduced noetherian total fractions and normal components: For a reduced commutative Noetherian ring with minimal primes , there is a canonical isomorphism . The following are equivalent: is normal; is integrally closed in ; and is a finite product of normal domains. For this is the empty product.
depth two excludes finite punctured extension: Let be reduced Noetherian local with . If is a finite intermediate ring and , then .
one dimensional regular local rings are dvrs: A nonzero Noetherian local ring of dimension one is regular if and only if it is a discrete valuation ring. Fields are excluded from the term DVR.
Valuation rings are integrally closed: Every valuation ring is an integrally closed domain.
embedding dimension is minimal maximal ideal generator number: For a nonzero Noetherian local ring , is the least number of generators of .
dimension at most embedding dimension: Every nonzero commutative Noetherian local ring satisfies .
Proof
If is normal, each prime localization is a normal domain. The domain criterion gives the required depth bound there and regularity when its dimension is at most one. Thus satisfies both conditions. The zero ring satisfies all three conditions vacuously.
Conversely and imply and , so is reduced. Both conditions pass to prime localizations, since prime chains below a prime and successive localizations are unchanged. It is enough to prove that every reduced Noetherian local ring satisfying them is a normal domain. Induct on its finite dimension . For , makes regular; in dimension zero its maximal ideal is zero by the generator formula, so it is a field; in dimension one it is a DVR, hence an integrally closed domain by the valuation theorem.
Let and be integral over . A monic equation shows is finite, generated by finitely many powers of . For a nonmaximal prime of , the dimension of is less than (append the maximal ideal to any chain below ), so it is a normal domain by induction. A nonzerodivisor of remains a nonzerodivisor after localization: clear denominators in the equation it kills. Thus embeds into . The image of is integral and belongs to , giving .
Therefore is supported only at the maximal ideal. Since gives depth at least two, finite-extension rigidity implies . Every integral element of lies in . The total-fraction component theorem now makes a finite product of normal domains. A nonzero local ring has no idempotents except zero and one: one of is a unit, forcing the other to vanish. Thus the product has a single factor and is a normal domain. This completes the local induction and hence the global converse.
Depends on
- normal noetherian ring
- serre normality criterion two directions
- serre r zero s one characterises reducedness
- reduced noetherian total fractions and normal components
- depth two excludes finite punctured extension
- one dimensional regular local rings are dvrs
- Valuation rings are integrally closed
- embedding dimension is minimal maximal ideal generator number
- dimension at most embedding dimension
Used by
- regular local rings are normal Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
37 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- 10.157.4 complete proof, with 030C and 0BHZ (standard reference, not scraped)