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Existence of left and right Haar measures

Statement

Assume AC. Every LCH group has a left Haar measure representing the integral just constructed. The pushforward of this measure by inversion is a right Haar measure.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: An LCH group and AC.

[F1]

A positive nonzero left-invariant Cc functional exists under AC. (Existence of a left Haar integral)

[F2]

The constructed RMK Radon measure represents a positive functional. (Positive functionals on C_c(X) are integration against a Radon measure)

[F3]

Equality on all real Cc integrals implies equality of Radon measures on all Borel sets. (Assuming Dependent Choice, uniqueness of the RMK representing measure among Radon measures)

[F4]

Translation and inversion are homeomorphisms and preserve Cc. (Translations preserve compactly supported continuous functions)

[F5]

AC covers DC and countable open approximations. (The Axiom of Choice)

[F6]

The open content has the equivalent compactly supported cutoff supremum. (The RMK functional outer content is well defined)

[F7]

A finite open cover of a compact set admits a nonnegative subordinate partition under DC. (A finite compactly supported partition of unity near a compact set)

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F5F6F7

Let I be the integral in [F1]. At the outer-subadditivity step in its RMK construction, use the equivalent supremum in [F6] over 0≤f≤1 with supp⁡f⊆U. If U=⋃nUn, this support has a finite subcover with distinct indices. A subordinate partition from [F7] gives f=∑jfφj, each term compactly supported in its assigned Unj and bounded by one there, since the partition sums to one on the support of f. Hence I(f)≤∑nρ(Un) and taking the supremum gives open subadditivity. For arbitrary sets En with finite sum of outer contents, choose open supersets with errors ϵ2−n−1 under AC. Their union gives μ∗(⋃En)≤∑μ∗(En)+ϵ; infinite sums need no estimate. Letting ϵ↓0 supplies the required subadditivity. This corrects the inference from f≤1U to support containment, which is not valid by itself.

2.1F2F4step 1.1

With that construction step justified, [F2] represents I by a Radon measure μ. It is nonzero because some I(f)>0. A homeomorphism T takes compact sets to compact sets and bijects open sets and Borel sets. Therefore T∗μ(E)=μ(T−1E) is finite on compact sets and inherits outer regularity and open inner regularity by transporting the approximating open and compact sets.

3.1F1F3F4step 2.1∎

For T(x)=ax, integration against T∗μ gives ∫f(ax) dμ(x)=I(La−1f)=I(f) for every real f∈Cc(G). The pushforward integral identity follows first for indicators and simple functions and then by monotone approximation of nonnegative measurable functions and positive/negative parts. RMK uniqueness now gives T∗μ=μ, hence left invariance. For inversion, put ν(E)=μ(E−1). Since (Ea)−1=a−1E−1, ν(Ea)=μ(a−1E−1)=ν(E). It is nonzero and Radon by step 2.1, hence right Haar.

Sources

Knapp, Advanced Real Analysis, VI §2, pp.225–230, Lemmas 6.9–6.13. Local argument and conventions as displayed above.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources