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ExampleConstruction: AI-generatedVerification: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedprecheck pendingverified 2026-10-23 (gpt-6.1-sol)
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Scalar series as a constant Hilbert profile

Example

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Let (Ω,F,P) be a probability space carrying the original independent identically distributed measurable real-valued random variables ϵt:Ω→R, t∈Z, and the replacement family below; this is understood to be an independent product extension, with the original variables lifted from their original space when necessary. Let g:RN0→R be measurable for the product Borel sigma-algebra. Define Yt:Ω→R by Yt(ω)=g(ϵt(ω),ϵt−1(ω),…), and assume EY0=0 and E∣Y0∣2<∞. For each t∈Z, m≥1, and k≤t−m, let ϵt,m,k′:Ω→R be measurable with the same law as ϵ0, with all these copies mutually independent and independent of the original innovations, and define Yt,m(ω)=g(ϵt(ω),…,ϵt−m+1(ω),ϵt,m,t−m′(ω),ϵt,m,t−m−1′(ω),…). Assume ∑m=1∞(E∣Y0−Y0,m∣2)1/2<∞. Let H=L2([0,1],B,λ;R) be the real Hilbert space of almost-everywhere classes of square-integrable profiles, where B is the Borel sigma-algebra and λ is Lebesgue measure. Define I:R→H by I(y)=[ξ↦y], and set Xt(ω)=I(Yt(ω))=[ξ↦Yt(ω)]. Define the bounded real-linear functional L:H→R by L(v)=∫01v(ξ) dξ. For each n≥1, let integer block lengths bn satisfy bn→∞ and bn/n→0. This constant-profile construction satisfies the centered causal L2-m-approximability assumptions of the bounded profile-functional bootstrap proposition, and L(Xt)=Yt.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The scalar process and its independent-tail coupling in the Example, the Axiom of Choice, and the displayed block-length regime.

[A1]

The Axiom of Choice: every family of nonempty sets has a choice function; it is the stated Choice assumption of the proposition.

[F1]

L2-m-approximable causal Bernoulli shifts: under Countable Choice the profile space is the real separable L2([0,1]) Hilbert space; the shift setup requires Countable Choice and Dependent Choice for the independent product extension carrying the replacement family, as well as a measurable causal representation, finite second moment, and summable independent-tail replacement errors.

[F2]

Cauchy-Schwarz for random variables: on a probability space, E∣Y0∣≤(E∣Y0∣2)1/2.

[F3]

Bochner-integrable function and Bochner integrability criterion: a strongly measurable Banach-valued map with integrable norm has a Bochner integral defined by limits of integrable simple-function integrals; the integral is independent of the chosen approximants.

[F4]

Bounded profile functional conditional CLT: under the stated profile, replacement-error, Choice, and block-length hypotheses, every bounded real-linear functional has the conditional law and variance conclusions in that Proposition.

[F5]

Cauchy–Schwarz: ∣⟨x,y⟩∣≤∥x∥ ∥y∥, with equality exactly for dependent pairs: for u,v∈H, ∣⟨u,v⟩H∣≤∥u∥H∥v∥H.

[F6]

Strongly measurable Banach-valued function: strong measurability means being an almost-everywhere pointwise norm limit of measurable Banach-valued simple functions.

[F7]

AC implies DC implies countable choice: in ZF, the Axiom of Choice implies Dependent Choice and then Countable Choice, with Dependent Choice formulated using a prescribed initial point.

Verification

Given: The assumptions and suppliers above.

1.1A1F1F7givenalgebra

By [A1] and [F7], the assumed AC yields both DC and Countable Choice, so the product-extension setup in [F1] is available. Use the constant-profile map I:R→H defined in the Example. Then ∥I(y)∥H2=∫01∣y∣2 dξ=∣y∣2, so I is a linear isometry. Since I is continuous, Xt(ω)=I(Yt(ω)) is a measurable causal H-valued shift; applying I to the same independent replacements gives Xt,m(ω)=I(Yt,m(ω)).

2.1givenA1F1F2F3F6F7step 1.1algebra

The isometry gives E∥X0∥H2=E∣Y0∣2 and (E∥X0−X0,m∥H2)1/2=(E∣Y0−Y0,m∣2)1/2 for every m. Apply [F2] to Y0 and the constant random variable 1 to obtain E∣Y0∣≤(E∣Y0∣2)1/2<∞; hence E∥X0∥H<∞. By [A1] and [F7], AC supplies Countable Choice, so [F1] gives a countable dense sequence (hk) in H. For each N, let πN(x) be a nearest point among h1,…,hN, resolving ties by the least index. Its finitely many cells are Borel, since they are finite intersections of strict or weak comparisons of continuous distance functions. Thus πN∘X0 is a measurable finite-valued simple map, and density gives πN(X0)→X0 pointwise. By [F6], X0 is strongly measurable, so [F3] gives its Bochner integrability. Since [F3] also gives scalar simple functions sj=∑kcj,k1Aj,k with E∣sj−Y0∣→0, their images satisfy EBI(sj)=∑kP(Aj,k)I(cj,k)=I(Esj). The isometry implies E∥I(sj)−X0∥H→0, so taking the defining integral limits gives EBX0=I(EY0)=0. The profile shift therefore has the required centering and exactly the scalar replacement-error sum.

3.1givenA1F4F5step 1.1step 2.1algebra∎

The functional L is well-defined on almost-everywhere classes, and [F5] gives ∣L(v)∣≤∥v∥H∥1∥H=∥v∥H. Since L(1)=1 and ∥1∥H=1, ∥L∥=1; also L(Xt)=∫01Yt dξ=Yt. All hypotheses of [F4] are therefore satisfied, so its conditional bootstrap conclusion applies to this scalar summary.

Depends on

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