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Cauchy-Schwarz for random variables
Statement
If are real random variables, then
Equality holds if and only if at least one of is zero almost surely, or there is a constant with
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Real random variables .
Holder's inequality on a probability space specializes to (Holder's inequality for random variables).
The Cauchy-Schwarz equality criterion is already proved for general measure spaces (Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for ).
Proof
Step [L1] at gives
The equality clause is exactly the probability-measure specialization of [L2].
Depends on
Used by
- Autonomous all-moment Euler MLMC logarithmic cost Corollary
- The second-moment lower bound for positive probability Corollary
- An unbounded stopped exponential martingale needs uniform integrability Counterexample
- Pointwise resampling misses the long-run variance of an AR(1) mean Counterexample
- A noncommuting two-noise equation requires an area term Example
- A polynomial-tail law with finite matrix variance Example
- A square-integrable linear shift with nonsummable physical dependence Example
- A unit-root AR(1) has no weakly stationary solution with nonzero white noise Example
- An atomic sinusoid and an AR(1) process have different spectra Example
- Ito formula for Brownian powers Example
- Normal sample mean and residuals are independent Example
- One-step and multistep forecasts for a causal AR(1) Example
- Radial second moment of multidimensional Brownian motion Example
- Square of a martingale minus quadratic compensator Example
- Absolutely summable linear filters preserve weak stationarity Lemma
- Adjacent iid vector functionals admit a finite-moment strong approximation Lemma
- Characteristic exponential for a continuous local martingale with deterministic clock Lemma
- Continuous and strictly increasing norm distributions for density bridges Lemma
- Expected squared operator error of thresholded sparse covariance Lemma
- Finite-dependent vector central limit theorem Lemma
- Finite-horizon Brownian change of drift and relative entropy Lemma
- Gaussian mixture lower bound for weakly sparse covariance Lemma
- Gaussian orthogonality and the monomial expansion of the Hermite polynomials Lemma
- Independent centered Hilbert-valued elements have zero expected inner product Lemma
- Independent-tail replacement errors are decreasing and summability implies the rate condition Lemma
- Isometry for elementary predictable counting-process integrals Lemma
- Location-scale normal laws have their stated mean and variance Lemma
- Long-run covariance of an L2-m-approximable shift is trace class Lemma
- Martingale differences are orthogonal in l2 Lemma
- Oppositely monotone functions of independent coordinates have nonpositive covariance Lemma
- Pathwise relative-entropy error of the Langevin Euler interpolation Lemma
- Positive trace-class covariance defines a Hilbert Gaussian Lemma
- Strong-mixing covariance bound in terms of tail quantiles Lemma
- The Cameron–Martin unit ball is compact in the Banach norm Lemma
- The standard Gaussian law is determined by its moments Lemma
- Two-sided stationary extension preserves maximal-correlation bounds Lemma
- Uniform finite-horizon moments for tamed Euler approximations Lemma
- Uniform marginal-score bounds by derivative integration Lemma
- Weighted overlapping-block moment and covariance limits Lemma
- Zero-variance geometric Markov sums have a uniform strong rate Lemma
…and 36 more results.
Dependency tree · two levels
5 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- J. R. Norris, Probability and Measure, Theorem 4.4.1 (standard reference, not scraped)